Sprain

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A sprain is an injury involving a stretched or torn ligament (the tissue that connects two or more bones at a joint is stretched or torn).[1]

Signs and symptoms[edit | edit source]

  • pain
  • swelling
  • bruising
  • not being able to use the joint
  • you may feel a tear or pop in the joint as it happens
  • joints may then feel either stiff or unstable, more severe sprains may make it impossible to put weight on the joint because it is too unstable

Sprain grades[edit | edit source]

Grade I[edit | edit source]

A ligament is stretched or has a very mild tear, little or no instability at the joint.

Grade II[edit | edit source]

An incomplete (partial) tear in the ligament, with some looseness in the joint.

Grade III[edit | edit source]

A completely torn or ruptured ligament. This may feel like a broken bone since it’s often impossible to put weight on the joint or use the affected limb because the joint too unstable.[2]

Prevalence[edit | edit source]

Sprains commonly occur in the general population.

Symptom recognition[edit | edit source]

Sprains are not a diagnostic symptom of ME or CFS.[3][4][5][6]

Notable studies[edit | edit source]

Possible causes[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

Learn more[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. Garrick, Nancy (April 10, 2017). "Sprains and Strains". National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Retrieved December 19, 2021.
  2. "Understanding Sprains and Strains". WebMD. Retrieved December 19, 2021.
  3. Carruthers, Bruce M.; Jain, Anil Kumar; De Meirleir, Kenny L.; Peterson, Daniel L.; Klimas, Nancy G.; Lerner, A. Martin; Bested, Alison C.; Flor-Henry, Pierre; Joshi, Pradip; Powles, AC Peter; Sherkey, Jeffrey A.; van de Sande, Marjorie I. (2003), "Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Clinical Working Case Definition, Diagnostic and Treatment Protocols" (PDF), Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, 11 (2): 7–115, doi:10.1300/J092v11n01_02
  4. Carruthers, BM; van de Sande, MI; De Meirleir, KL; Klimas, NG; Broderick, G; Mitchell, T; Staines, D; Powles, ACP; Speight, N; Vallings, R; Bateman, L; Bell, DS; Carlo-Stella, N; Chia, J; Darragh, A; Gerken, A; Jo, D; Lewis, DP; Light, AR; Light, KC; Marshall-Gradisnik, S; McLaren-Howard, J; Mena, I; Miwa, K; Murovska, M; Stevens, SR (2012), Myalgic encephalomyelitis: Adult & Paediatric: International Consensus Primer for Medical Practitioners (PDF), ISBN 978-0-9739335-3-6
  5. "IOM 2015 Diagnostic Criteria | Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. January 27, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
  6. Fukuda, K.; Straus, S.E.; Hickie, I.; Sharpe, M.C.; Dobbins, J. G.; Komaroff, A. (December 15, 1994). "The chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive approach to its definition and study. International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group" (PDF). Annals of Internal Medicine. American College of Physicians. 121 (12): 953–959. ISSN 0003-4819. PMID 7978722.