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Spermidine
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===Endothelial function improvements === Matsumoto et al. 2019 conducted a double-blinded placebo-controlled study of a yogurt containing [[Bifidobacterium animalis]] subsp. lactis (Bifal) and the amino acid [[arginine]], concluding that this increased the production of putrescine, a spermidine precursor, which increased spermidine levels, resulting in improved a marker of [[endothelial dysfunction|endothelial function]] in healthy adults after 12 weeks.<ref name="Matsumoto2019" /> The [[Wirth-Scheibenbogen hypothesis]] of ME/CFS states that [[endothelial dysfunction]] is the cause of the symptoms of ME/CFS. Matsumoto's study also suggested that the yogurt is likely to prevent or reduce the risk of [[atherosclerosis]], and found no self-reported changes in mental or physical health, and that the yogurt did not affect weight or vital signs, did not cause safety issues, and did not have a negative effect on blood parameters.<ref name="Matsumoto2019">{{Cite journal | title = Endothelial Function is improved by Inducing Microbial Polyamine Production in the Gut: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial | date = May 2019|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/5/1188|journal=Nutrients|volume=11|issue=5|pages=1188 | last = Matsumoto | first = Mitsuharu | author-link = | last2 = Kitada | first2 = Yusuke | authorlink2 = | last3 = Naito | first3 = Yuji | authorlink3 = | last4 = | first4 = | authorlink4 = | last5 = | first5 = | authorlink5 = | last6 = | first6 = | authorlink6 = |language=en|doi=10.3390/nu11051188|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|issn=2072-6643|quote=|via=}}</ref> {{See also|Wirth-Scheibenbogen hypothesis}}
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