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Sodium
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{{Stub}} {{NeedsImage}} '''Sodium''' (chemical symbol ''Na'') is an [[electrolyte]] used in many bodily processes, including muscle and nerve function.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news | url=https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html | title = Sodium: MedlinePlus|access-date=2018-10-09|language=en}}</ref> Along with potassium and magnesium, it has an important role in [[ion transportation]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/electrolyte#medicalDictionary | title = Definition of ELECTROLYTE|website=Merrian-Webster Dictionary|language=en|access-date=2018-10-09}}</ref> Sodium is often consumed in the form of common/table salt (sodium chloride), and plays an important role in regulating blood volume and therefore blood pressure. The body excretes sodium in sweat and urine.<ref name=":0" /> Normal blood sodium is between 135 and 145 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L); levels below this cause cells to swell with excess water, a condition known as hyponatremia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyponatremia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373711 | title = Hyponatremia - Symptoms and causes|website=Mayo Clinic|language=en|access-date=2022-10-03}}</ref> == Molecular forms of sodium == Pure sodium is highly reactive, tarnishing within seconds of exposure to air and reacting violently with water. Because of this, all naturally-occurring sodium is bonded to at least one other atom in a molecule. Common salt, or sodium chloride, is the most abundant sodium-containing molecule on Earth. Other common sodium-containing molecules include baking soda and washing soda.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/11/sodium | title = Sodium - Element information, properties and uses {{!}} Periodic Table|website=rsc.org|access-date=2022-10-03}}</ref> === Sodium chloride (common or table salt) === Sodium chloride (molecular formula ''NaCl'') is one of the most abundant minerals on earth, occurring naturally in sea salt and underground rock formations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chemicalsafetyfacts.org/sodium-chloride/ | title = Sodium Chloride {{!}} NaCl {{!}} Uses, Benefits, and Safety Facts | last = Pulluaim | first = Rebecca | date = 2017-02-10 | website = ChemicalSafetyFacts.org|language=en-US|access-date=2022-10-03}}</ref> Each molecule consists of one atom of sodium and one atom of chlorine. A solution of sodium chloride dissolved in water is known as saline, commonly used in [[intravenous fluids]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/03/31/597666140/why-did-sterile-salt-water-become-the-iv-fluid-of-choice | title = Why Did Sterile Salt Water Become The IV Fluid Of Choice? | last = Dalton | first = Clayton | date = 2018-03-31|work=NPR|access-date=2022-10-03|language=en}}</ref> === Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) === == Sodium imbalance == === Hyponatremia === === Hypernatremia === == See also == * [[Electrolyte]] * [[Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome|Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome]] (POTS) * [[Magnesium]] * [[Potassium]] ==Learn more== *[http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/minerals/sodium Linus Pauling Institute Micronutrient Information Center - Sodium (Chloride)] == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Potential treatments]] [[Category:Nutrients]] [[Category:Minerals]] [[Category:Chemical elements]] [[Category:Electrolytes]]
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