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Small heart syndrome
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'''Small heart syndrome''' is associated with a small [[heart]] shadow on a chest X-ray or [[magnetic resonance imaging]]. It was first proposed in 1944 as "neurocirculatory asthenia." Current studies show that small heart syndrome is associated with a smaller left ventricular chamber size and diminished cardiac stroke volume.<ref name="Miwa2011"/> Small heart syndrome is characterized with weakness or [[fatigue]] even after ordinary [[exertion]], heart palpitation, [[dyspnea]], and [[fainting]]. Miwa and Fujita have shown that it is significantly more prevalent in [[ME/CFS]] patient (61%) compared to a control group (24%).<ref name="Miwa2008"/> ==Notable studies== *2012, Small Heart as a Constitutive Factor Predisposing to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<ref name="Miwa2012">{{Cite book | chapter=Small Heart as a Constitutive Factor Predisposing to Chronic fatigue Syndrome | title = An International Perspective on the Future of Research in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|isbn=978-953-51-0072-0|language=en | first = Kunihisa | last =Miwa | authorlink = Kunihisa Miwa|chapter-url=https://academic.oup.com/eurheartjsupp/article/23/Supplement_G/suab133.018/6456631 | date =2012-02-15|publisher=InTech|doi=10.5772/1460 | pages = 81-104 | editor-last = Snell|editor-first = Christopher R.|editor-link=Christopher Snell}}</ref> - [https://academic.oup.com/eurheartjsupp/article/23/Supplement_G/suab133.018/6456631 (Full text)] *2011, Small Heart With Low Cardiac Output for Orthostatic Intolerance in Patients With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<ref name="Miwa2011">{{Cite journal | last =Miwa | first = Kunihisa | authorlink = Kunihisa Miwa | last2 = Fujita | first2 = Masatoshi | authorlink2 = | date = Dec 2011 | title = Small Heart With Low Cardiac Output for Orthostatic Intolerance in Patients With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/clc.20962|journal=Clinical Cardiology|language=en|volume=34|issue=12 | pages = 782–786|doi=10.1002/clc.20962|pmc = 6652296|pmid=22120591|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/clc.20962 (Full text)] *2009, Cardiovascular dysfunction with low cardiac output due to a small heart in patients with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]<ref name="Miwa2009">{{Cite journal | last =Miwa | first = Kunihisa | authorlink = Kunihisa Miwa | last2 = Fujita | first2 = Masatoshi | authorlink2 = | date = Aug 2009 | title = Cardiac function fluctuates during exacerbation and remission in young adults with chronic fatigue syndrome and "small heart"|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0914508709000665|journal=Journal of Cardiology|language=en|volume=54|issue=1|pages=29–35|doi=10.1016/j.jjcc.2009.02.008|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/internalmedicine/48/21/48_21_1849/_pdf (Full text)] *2008, Small Heart Syndrome in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<ref name="Miwa2008">{{Cite journal | last =Miwa | first = Kunihisa | authorlink = Kunihisa Miwa | last2 = Fujita | first2 = Masatoshi | authorlink2 = | date = Jul 2008 | title = Small Heart Syndrome in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/clc.20227|journal=Clinical Cardiology|language=en|volume=31|issue=7|pages=328–333|doi=10.1002/clc.20227|pmc = 6653127|pmid=18636530|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/clc.20227/epdf (Abstract)] ==Learn more== * 2012, [https://www.google.com/books/edition/An_International_Perspective_on_the_Futu/H-ucDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Kunihisa+Miwa&pg=PA81&printsec=frontcover Small Heart as a Constitutive Factor Predisposing to Chronic fatigue Syndrome] (book chapter) ==See also== *[[Cardiac problems in ME/CFS]] *[[Cardiovascular system|Cardiovasular system]] *[[Kunihisa Miwa]] ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Signs and symptoms]] [[Category:Cardiac signs and symptoms]] [[Category:Cardiology]]
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