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Ribose
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'''Ribose''' is a carbohydrate with the formula C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, that exists in two forms: '''D-ribose''', which occurs in nature and '''L-ribose''', which is the mirror image of D-ribose and does not occur in nature. D-ribose is a building block used by the cells in one of the chemical pathways that makes the energy molecule, [[Adenosine triphosphate|ATP]].<ref name="dmdr" /> D-ribose comes in powder form, tastes sweet, and can used as a [[sugar]] substitute in drinks or on cereal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/ribose-uses-and-risks | title = Ribose: Uses and Risks | last =McMillen | first = Matt|website=WebMD|language=en|access-date=2022-12-19}}</ref> ==Use in ME/CFS and FM== It is used as a supplement for help boost muscle energy, such as for athletes and people with [[ME/CFS]], [[Fibromyalgia]], and coronary artery disease.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-827/ribose | title = RIBOSE: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews | last = | first = | author-link =| last2= | first2 = | authorlink2= | date = |website=WebMD|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2022-12-19}}</ref> The theory is that if one supplies the body with the precursors to [[Adenosine triphosphate|ATP]], then it will be easier for the body to make ATP.<ref name="dmdr" /> ==Sources== Supplemental d-ribose is manufactured from corn, so is to be avoided by those with corn [[Allergy|allergies]] or insensitivities.<ref name="dmdr" /> ==ME/CFS and Fibromyalgia== In 2008, a pilot study of 41 patients with ME/CFS or fibromyalgia by [[Jacob Teitelbaum]] stated that in: "Approximately 66% of patients experienced significant improvement while on D-ribose [at a dose of 5g, three times a day], with an average increase in energy on the VAS [visual analog scale categories: energy; sleep; mental clarity; and pain intensity] of 45% and an average improvement in overall well-being of 30% (p < 0.0001)." The study authors concluded that "D-ribose significantly reduced clinical symptoms in patients suffering from fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome".<ref name="dr2006" /> A follow-up study by Teitelbaum and colleagues (2012) lead to similar results.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal | last = Teitelbaum | first = Jacob| date = 2012-06-27 | title = Treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia with D-Ribose– An Open-label, Multicenter Study|url=http://benthamopen.com/ABSTRACT/TOPAINJ-5-32|journal=The Open Pain Journal|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|pages=32–37|doi=10.2174/1876386301205010032 | last2= | first2 = |pmc=|pmid=|quote= | last3= | first3 = | last4 = | first4 = | last5 = | first5 = | last6 = | first6 = | last9 = | first9 = | authorlink = Jacob Teitelbaum | author-link2 = |access-date=|via=}}</ref> Neither study was placebo controlled. == Notable studies == * 2012, Treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia with D-Ribose– An Open-label, Multicenter Study<ref name=":0" /> [http://benthamopen.com/ABSTRACT/TOPAINJ-5-32 (Abstract)] * 2006, The Use of D-Ribose in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia: A Pilot Study<ref name="dr2006" /> [https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/acm.2006.12.85 (Abstract)] == Risks and side effects == Oral D-Ribose intake is linked to [[Memory problems|memory loss]], [[anxiety]], and Aβ-like deposits associated with Alzheimer’s in mice.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Wu | first = Beibei | last2 = Wei | first2 = Yan | last3 = Wang | first3 = Yujing | last4 = Su | first4 = Tao | last5 = Zhou | first5 = Lei | last6 = Liu | first6 = Ying | last7 = He | first7 = Rongqiao| date = 2015-10-07 | title = Gavage of D-Ribose induces Aβ-like deposits, Tau hyperphosphorylation as well as memory loss and anxiety-like behavior in mice|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4741441/|journal=Oncotarget|volume=6|issue=33|pages=34128–34142|issn=1949-2553|pmc=4741441|pmid=26452037}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Han | first = C. | last2 = Lu | first2 = Y. | last3 = Wei | first3 = Y. | last4 = Wu | first4 = B. | last5 = Liu | first5 = Y. | last6 = He | first6 = R. | date = Mar 2014 | title = D -ribosylation induces cognitive impairment through RAGE-dependent astrocytic inflammation|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/cddis201489|journal=Cell Death & Disease|language=en|volume=5|issue=3| pages = e1117–e1117|doi=10.1038/cddis.2014.89|issn=2041-4889|pmc=|pmid=|quote=|access-date=|via=}}</ref> D-ribose lowers blood sugar. ==Learn more== *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribose Wikipedia - Ribose] *[http://drmyhill.co.uk/wiki/d-ribose Dr Sarah Myhill - D-ribose] *2016, [https://cfsremission.wordpress.com/2016/02/25/d-ribose-revisited/ D-Ribose revisited] - CFS Remission *2012, [https://cfsremission.wordpress.com/2012/11/19/d-ribose/ D-Ribose] ==See also== * [[Cognitive dysfunction]] * [[Receptor for advanced glycation end products|Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products]] (RAGE) * [[Muscle fatigability]] ==References== <references> <ref name="dmdr">{{Cite web|url=https://drmyhill.co.uk/wiki/d-ribose | title = D-ribose | last = | first = | author-link =| last2= | first2 = | authorlink2= | date = |website=Doctor Myhill|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2022-12-19}}</ref> <ref name="dr2006">{{Citation| doi = 10.1089/acm.2006.12.857| issn = 1075-5535| volume = 12 | issue = 9| pages = 857–862| last1 = Teitelbaum | first1 = Jacob E. | last2 = Johnson | first2 = Clarence | last3 = St Cyr | first3 = John| title = The use of D-ribose in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia: a pilot study| journal = Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.)| date = November 2006 | pmid = 17109576|url=https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/acm.2006.12.857 | author-link = Jacob Teitelbaum|edition=|isbn=}}</ref> </references> [[Category:Potential treatments]] [[Category:Supplements]] [[Category:Sugars]]
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