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Raynaud's syndrome
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[[File:Raynaud's.jpg|600px|thumb|right|Figure A shows arteries in the fingers (digital arteries) with normal blood flow. The inset image shows a cross-section of a digital artery. Figure B shows fingertips that have turned white due to blocked blood flow. Figure C shows narrowed digital arteries, causing blocked blood flow and blue fingertips. The inset image shows a cross-section of a narrowed digital artery. Source: NIH - National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute]] '''Raynaud's Syndrome''' or '''Raynaud's Phenomenon''' is a disorder that affects the blood vessels that carry blood from your heart to different parts of your body.<ref name="raynauds"/><ref name="Haque2020">https://www.rcpjournals.org/content/clinmedicine/20/6/580</ref> It is classified aa a nervous system disease,<ref name="icd10">{{Cite web|url=https://icd.who.int/browse10/2016/en#/I73.0| title = ICD-10 Version:2016 | website = [[World Health Organization]] | date = 2016 | access-date=2019-05-07}}</ref> and can be a comorbid illness presenting with several other chronic illnesses, including systemic sclerosis, [[chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[fibromyalgia]], [[Systemic lupus erythematosus|lupus]], some vascular diseases, and [[autoimmune disease]]s such as [[rheumatoid arthritis]] or [[Sj%C3%B6gren's syndrome]].<ref name="Haque2020"/><ref name="Pauling2019">{{Cite journal | last = Pauling | first = John D. | last2 = Hughes | first2 = Michael | last3 = Pope | first3 = Janet E. | date = 2019-12-01| title = Raynaud's phenomenon—an update on diagnosis, classification and management|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-019-04745-5|journal=Clinical Rheumatology|language=en|volume=38|issue=12|pages=3317–3330|doi=10.1007/s10067-019-04745-5|issn=1434-9949}}</ref> == Types == *'''Primary Raynaud's''' (PRP) or '''Raynaud's disease''' is more common and less severe. *'''Secondary Raynaud's''' (SRP) or '''Raynaud's phenomenon''' is caused by an underlying disease, condition or other factor. <ref name="raynauds"/> == Causes == The cause of ''primary'' Raynaud's is unknown. It is more common and tends to be less severe than secondary Raynaud's. ''Secondary'' Raynaud's is caused by an underlying disease, condition, or other factor and is often called Raynaud's phenomenon.<ref name="raynauds">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/raynauds| title = Raynaud's {{!}} Health Topics | last = | first = | date = |language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2022-01-04}}</ref> Possible causes are: * Diseases and conditions that directly damage the arteries or damage the nerves that control the arteries in the hands and feet * Repetitive actions that damage the nerves that control the arteries in the hands and feet, including [[carpal tunnel syndrome]] or [[repetitive strain injury]] * Injuries or surgeries to the hands or feet. * Exposure to certain chemicals * Medicines that narrow the arteries or affect blood pressure, eg. Certain medicines, those for [[migraine]]s, cancer, [[hypertension|high blood pressure]], birth control, and some over the counter cold or [[allergy]] medications.<ref name="raynauds" /> == Risk factors == The risk factors for ''primary'' (Raynaud's disease) and ''secondary'' (Raynaud's phenomenon) are different.<ref name="raynauds"/> ===Primary=== * Female gender. * Age. Primary Raynaud's usually develops before the age of 30. * Family history of Primary Raynaud's. * Living in a cold climate, which can trigger Raynaud's attacks.<ref name="raynauds" /> ===Secondary=== * Age. Secondary Raynaud's usually develops after the age of 30. * Certain diseases and conditions. For example, diseases that directly damage the arteries or damage the nerves that control the arteries in the hands and feet may cause secondary Raynaud's. [[Fibromyalgia]] is more common in people with Raynaud's syndrome.<ref name="Pauling2019"/> * Injuries or surgeries to the hands or feet. * Exposure to certain workplace chemicals, such as vinyl chloride (used in the plastics industry). * Repetitive actions with the hands, such as typing or using vibrating tools. * Certain medicines, such as those for [[migraine]]s, cancer, [[hypertension|high blood pressure]], cold, or [[allergy]] medications. * Smoking. * Living in a cold climate.<ref name="raynauds" /> == Triggers and symptoms == Cold temperatures can bring on an attack. "During an attack, little or no blood flows to affected body parts. As a result, the skin may turn white and then blue for a short time. As blood flow returns, the affected areas may turn red and throb, tingle, burn, or feel numb."<ref name="raynauds"/> == Tests and diagnosis == "To distinguish between primary and secondary Raynaud's, your doctor may perform an in-office test called nail fold capillaroscopy. During the test, the doctor examines your nail fold — the skin at the base of your fingernail — under a microscope. Tiny blood vessels (capillaries) near the nail fold that are enlarged or deformed may indicate an underlying disease. However, some secondary diseases can't be detected by this test."<ref name="mayo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/raynauds-disease/basics/tests-diagnosis/CON-20022916| title = Raynaud's disease - Diagnosis and treatment|website=Mayo Clinic|language=en|access-date=2018-10-11}}</ref> To determine if an immune system disease is the underlying cause for Raynaud's there are blood tests, including the [[Antinuclear antibodies]] test (ANA) and [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]] (ESR).<ref name="mayo" /> There is no single test for Raynaud's syndrome itself.<ref name="mayo" /> == See also == * [[Cold hands and feet]] * [[Fibromyalgia]] == Learn more == * [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/raynauds-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20363571 Reynauld's disease - Symptoms and causes] - Mayo Clinic * [http://www.raynauds.org/frequently-asked-questions/ Frequently Asked Questions]<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://www.raynauds.org/frequently-asked-questions/| title = Frequently Asked Questions|website=The Raynaud's Association|access-date=2018-10-11|language=en-US}}</ref> - The Raynaud's Association == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Diagnoses]] [[Category:Potential comorbidities]] [[Category:Neurological diseases and disorders]]
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