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Post-traumatic stress disorder
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==Notable studies== *2003, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-like Illness among Gulf War Veterans: A Population-based Survey of 30,000 Veterans<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Murphy | first = Frances M. | author-link = Frances Murphy | last2 = Lee | first2 = Kyung Y. | authorlink2 = Kyung Lee | last3 = Mahan | first3 = Clare M. | authorlink3 = Clare Mahan | last4 = Natelson | first4 = Benjamin H. | authorlink4 = Benjamin Natelson | last5 = Kang | first5 = Han K. | authorlink5 = Han Kang| date = 2003-01-15 | title = Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-like Illness among Gulf War Veterans: A Population-based Survey of 30,000 Veterans|url=https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/157/2/141/90101|journal=American Journal of Epidemiology|language=en|volume=157|issue=2|pages=141β148|doi=10.1093/aje/kwf187|issn=0002-9262|quote=|via=}}</ref> [https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwf187 (Full text)] :This study assessed veterans with both [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] and [[idiopathic chronic fatigue]] (persistent chronic fatigue not meeting the diagnostic criteria for CFS). Previous studies had found veterans with PTSD had higher rates of CFS than the general population, and the study looked to see if this could be caused by the presence of PTSD or by other factors, for example environmental factors caused by the physical environment the Gulf War veterans experienced. The study reported: <blockquote>"The prevalence of PTSD increased with stress intensity, from 3.3 percent to 22.6 percent (test for trend: p < 0.01). In contrast, risk of CFS-like illness did not show a monotonic relation with stressor intensity for the entire stress spectrum. Prevalence increased significantly when nondeployed troops (0.8 percent) were compared with troops deployed outside of the Gulf region (1.7 percent) and when this latter group was compared with troops deployed to the Gulf in noncombat roles (5.4 percent). However, no significant difference in risk of CFS-like illness occurred among four groups of Gulf veterans with different stressor intensities (p > 0.15)."</blockquote> *2004, Post-traumatic stress disorder among patients with chronic pain and chronic fatigue.<blockquote>"Abstract - BACKGROUND: [[Fibromyalgia]] (FM), a [[chronic pain]] condition of unknown aetiology often develops following a traumatic event. FM has been associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression disorder (MDD). METHOD: Patients seen in a referral clinic (N=571) were evaluated for FM and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) criteria. Patients completed questionnaires, and underwent a physical examination and a structured psychiatric evaluation. Critical components of the diagnostic criteria of FM (tender points and diffuse pain) and CFS (persistent debilitating fatigue and four of eight associated symptoms) were examined for their relationship with PTSD. RESULTS: The prevalence of lifetime PTSD was 20% and lifetime MDD was 42%. Patients who had both tender points and diffuse pain had a higher prevalence of PTSD (OR=3.4, 95% CI 2.0-5.8) compared with those who had neither of these FM criteria. Stratification by MDD and adjustment for sociodemographic factors and chronic fatigue revealed that the association of PTSD with FM criteria was confined to those with [[depression |MDD]]. Patients with MDD who met both components of the FM criteria had a three-fold increase in the prevalence of PTSD (95% CI 1.5-7.1); conversely, FM patients without MDD showed no increase in PTSD (OR=1.3, 95% CI 0.5-3.2). The components of the CFS criteria were not significantly associated with PTSD. CONCLUSION: Optimal clinical care for patients with FM should include an assessment of trauma in general, and PTSD in particular. This study highlights the importance of considering co-morbid MDD as an effect modifier in analyses that explore PTSD in patients with FM.<ref>Roy-Byrne P, Smith WR, Goldberg J, Afari N, Buchwald D. (2004). Post-traumatic stress disorder among patients with chronic pain and chronic fatigue. Psychol Med. 2004 Feb;34(2):363-8. PMID: 14982142</ref></blockquote> *2012, The Comorbidity of Self-Reported [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]], Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Traumatic Symptoms<ref name="Dansie, 2012" /> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3343192/ (Full Text)]
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