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Post-exertional malaise
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=== Cognitive performance === While some studies have found a decreased cognitive performance after exercise in ME/CFS, others have not (see table below).<ref name="IOM2015" /> This difference may be due to heterogeneity of the patient sample and methods used. {| class="wikitable" |<small>Study</small> |<small>Number of ME/CFS subjects</small> |<small>Neurocognitive tests</small> |<small>Results</small> |- |<small>[[Sonya Marshall]] et al. (1997)</small><ref name="Marshall1997">{{Cite journal | last = Marshall | first = P. S. | last2 = Forstot | first2 = M. | last3 = Callies | first3 = A. | last4 = Peterson | first4 = P.K. | last5 = Schenck | first5 = C.H. | date = Jan 1997 | title = Cognitive slowing and working memory difficulties in chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9021867|journal=Psychosomatic Medicine|volume=59|issue=1 | pages = 58–66|issn=0033-3174|pmid=9021867}}</ref> |<small>8</small> |<small>Buschke Selective Reminding Test, Continuous-Performance Test-Identical Pairs Version (CPTIP), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT), Stroop Color Word Test, Reaction-Time Tests, Salthouse Reading Span Task (SRST), Verbal Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT).</small> |<small>Negative</small> |- |<small>Blackwood et al. (1998)</small><ref name="Blackwood1998" /> |<small>10</small> |<small>"The following aspects of cognitive function were examined (in order): working memory/auditory attention (digit span, from WAIS-R); psychomotor speed (digit symbol, also from WAIS-R); word fluency (FAS test, using the letters F and S only); and selective attention and sustained attention (telephone search and lottery tasks respectively, both from the test of everyday attention)”</small> |<small>Positive</small> |- |<small>La Manca et al. (1998)</small><ref name="LaManca1998">{{Cite journal | last = LaManca | first=J.J. | last2 = Sisto | first2 = S.A. | last3 = DeLuca | first3 = J. | last4 = Johnson | first4 = S.K. | last5 = Lange | first5 = G. | last6 = Pareja | first6 = J. | last7 = Cook | first7 = S. | last8 = Natelson | first8 = B.H. | date = 1998-09-28 | title = Influence of exhaustive treadmill exercise on cognitive functioning in chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9790484|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|volume=105|issue=3A | pages = 59S–65S|issn=0002-9343|pmid=9790484}}</ref> |<small>19</small> |<small>The Stroop Color and Word Test, the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), an oral version of the Trail Making Test (TMT) and the Serial 13s Test (STT)</small> |<small>Positive</small> |- |<small>Claypoole et al. (2001)</small><ref name="Claypoole2001">{{Cite journal | last = Claypoole | first = Keith | last2 = Mahurin | first2 = Roderick | last3 = Fischer | first3 = Mary E. | last4 = Goldberg | first4 = Jack | last5 = Schmaling | first5 = Karen B. | last6 = Schoene | first6 = Robert B. | last7 = Ashton | first7 = Suzanne | last8 = Buchwald | first8 = Dedra | date = Mar 2001 | title = Cognitive Compromise Following Exercise in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Fact or Artifact?|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15324826an0801_5|journal=Applied Neuropsychology|volume=8|issue=1|pages=31–40|doi=10.1207/s15324826an0801_5|issn=0908-4282}}</ref> |<small>21</small> |<small>The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised, Digit Span Forward and Backward subtests, The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, The Digit Vigilance Test, the Lafayette Clinic Repeatable Neuropsychological Test Battery, Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT)</small> |<small>Negative</small> |- |<small>[[Dane Cook|Cook]] et al. (2005)</small><ref name="Cook2005">{{Cite journal | last = Cook | first = Dane B. | last2 = Nagelkirk | first2 = Paul R. | last3 = Peckerman | first3 = Arnold | last4 = Poluri | first4 = Ashok | last5 = Mores | first5 = John | last6 = Natelson | first6 = Benjamin H. | date = Sep 2005 | title = Exercise and cognitive performance in chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16177595|journal=Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise|volume=37|issue=9|pages=1460–1467|issn=0195-9131|pmid=16177595}}</ref> |<small>20 ME/CFS only and 19 ME/CFS with comorbid fibromyalgia</small> |<small>Participants completed cognitive testing using the automated neuropsychological assessment matrices (ANAM)</small> |<small>Negative</small> |- |<small>Yoshiuchi et al. (2007)</small><ref name="Yoshiuchi2007" /> |<small>9</small> |<small>A one-back memory task</small> |<small>Negative</small> |- |<small>Cook et al. (2017)</small><ref name="Cook2017">{{Cite journal | date = 2017-05-01 | first1 = Dane B | last = Cook | first2 =Suzanne D. | last2 = Vernon | authorlink = Dane Cook | authorlink2 = Suzanne Vernon | title = Neural consequences of post-exertion malaise in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S088915911730051X|journal=Brain, Behavior, and Immunity|language=en|volume=62 | pages = 87–99|doi=10.1016/j.bbi.2017.02.009|issn=0889-1591}}</ref> |<small>15</small> |<small>The Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT) and a simple number recognition task</small> |<small>Positive</small> |}
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