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Nudix hydrolase 15
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'''Nudix Hydrolase 15''' or '''NUDT15''' or '''NUDT15D''' refers to either a gene or the enzyme encoded by it.<ref name="genecards">{{Cite web|access-date=2022-04-07 | url=https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=NUDT15 | title = NUDT15 Gene - Nudix Hydrolase 15 | website = Gene cards}}</ref> ==Function== NUDT15 expression affects the way that certain immunosuppressant drugs work. ==Drug responses and genetic testing== [[Genetic testing]] for NUDT15 aims to improve clinical outcomes and reduce harm in people with inherited genetic mutations known to agfect drug responses.<ref name="pharmacogenomics2022">{{Citation |url=https://www.bps.ac.uk/getmedia/b43a3dca-1bbf-4bff-9379-20bef9349a8c/Personalised-prescribing-full-report.pdf.aspx | last = ((Royal College of Physicians)) | last2 = ((British Pharmacological Society)) | title = Personalised prescribing: using pharmacogenomics to improve patient outcomes. Report of a working party. |location=London|publisher=RCP and BPS | date = 2022}}</ref> There are a wide variety of different varoations, which may be broadly grouped into: *Normal Metabolizer: Two copies of a normal function allele in the NUDT15 gene. *Intermediate Metabolizer: One copy of a normal function allele and one copy of a no function allele in the NUDT15 gene. *Poor Metabolizer: Two copies of no function alleles, low or absent activity of NUDT15. At high risk for toxicity with normal doses of thiopurine drugs. *Possible Intermediate Metabolizer: One copy of a normal function allele and one copy of an uncertain function allele in the NUDT15 gene. At risk for myelosuppression with thiopurine drugs. *Possible Poor Metabolizer: Two copies of uncertain function alleles or one copy of an uncertain function allele and one no function allele in the NUDT15 gene. At high risk for toxicity with thiopurine drugs. * Indeterminate-Phasing Positive: Uncharacterized allele composition.<ref name="Classifications">{{Cite web | title = Nudix Hydrolase 15 (NUDT15) Genotyping | url=https://www.rprdx.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NUDT15_TestSpecification_190426.pdf |website=RDRX Diagnostics|access-date=2022-04-08}}</ref> ==ME/CFS== Genetic studies of ME/CFS patients have not so far identified any TPMT genes as possibly associated with ME/CFS.<ref name="Dibble2020">{{Cite journal | title = Genetic risk factors of ME/CFS: a critical review | date = 2020-08-03|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7530519/|journal=Human Molecular Genetics|volume=29|issue=R1|pages=R117βR124 | last = Dibble | first = Joshua J | author-link = | last2 = McGrath | first2 = Simon J | authorlink2 = Simon McGrath | last3 = Ponting | first3 = Chris P | authorlink3 = Chris Ponting|doi=10.1093/hmg/ddaa169|pmc=7530519|pmid=32744306|access-date=|issn=0964-6906|quote=|via=}}</ref> Thiopurine drugs have not been suggested as potentially useful for ME/CFS, and there is no guidance to avoid them.<ref name="canadianconsensus-CCC">{{Citation | last1 = Carruthers | first1 = Bruce M. | authorlink1 = Bruce Carruthers | last2 = Jain | first2 = Anil Kumar | authorlink2 = Anil Kumar Jain | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = Kenny L. | authorlink3 = Kenny De Meirleir | last4 = Peterson | first4 = Daniel L. | authorlink4 = Daniel Peterson | last5 = Klimas | first5 = Nancy G. | authorlink5 = Nancy Klimas | last6 = Lerner | first6 = A. Martin | authorlink6 = Martin Lerner | last7 = Bested | first7 = Alison C. | authorlink7 = Alison Bested | last8 =Flor-Henry | first8 = Pierre | authorlink8 = Pierre Flor-Henry | last9 =Joshi | first9 = Pradip | authorlink9 = Pradip Joshi | last10 = Powles | first10 = AC Peter | authorlink10 = A C Peter Powles | last11 = Sherkey | first11 = Jeffrey A. | authorlink11 = Jeffrey Sherkey | last12 = van de Sande | first12 = Marjorie I. | authorlink12 = Marjorie van de Sande | title = Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Clinical Working Case Definition, Diagnostic and Treatment Protocols| journal = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | volume = 11 | issue = 2 | pages = 7-115 | date = 2003 | pmid = | doi = 10.1300/J092v11n01_02| url = http://www.investinme.org/Documents/PDFdocuments/CanadianDefinitionME-CFS.pdf}}</ref><ref name="ICC2011primer">{{citation | last1 = Carruthers | first1 = BM | authorlink1 = Bruce Carruthers | last2 = van de Sande | first2 = MI | authorlink2 = Marjorie van de Sande | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = KL | authorlink3 = Kenny de Meirleir | last4 = Klimas | first4 = NG | authorlink4 = Nancy Klimas | last5 = Broderick | first5 = G | authorlink5 = Gordon Broderick | last6 = Mitchell | first6 = T | authorlink6 = Terry Mitchell | last7 = Staines | first7 = D | authorlink7 = Donald Staines | last8 = Powles | first8 = ACP | authorlink8 = A C Peter Powles | last9 = Speight | first9 = N | authorlink9 = Nigel Speight | last10 = Vallings | first10 = R | authorlink10 = Rosamund Vallings | last11 = Bateman | first11 = L | authorlink11 = Lucinda Bateman | last12 = Bell | first12 = DS | authorlink12 = David Bell | last13 = Carlo-Stella | first13 = N | authorlink13 = Nicoletta Carlo-Stella | last14 = Chia | first14 = J | authorlink14 = John Chia | last15 = Darragh | first15 = A | authorlink15 = Austin Darragh | last16 = Gerken | first16 = A | authorlink16 = Anne Gerken | last17 = Jo | first17 = D | authorlink17 = Daehyun Jo | last18 = Lewis | first18 = DP | authorlink18 = Donald Lewis | last19 = Light | first19 = AR | authorlink19= Alan Light | last20 = Light | first20 = KC | authorlink20 = Kathleen Light | last21 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first21 = S | authorlink21 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last22 = McLaren-Howard | first22 = J | authorlink22 = John McLaren-Howard | last23 = Mena | first23 = I | authorlink23 = Ismael Mena | last24 = Miwa | first24 = K | authorlink24 = Kunihisa Miwa | last25 = Murovska | first25 = M | authorlink25= Modra Murovska | last26 = Stevens | first26 = SR | authorlink26 = Staci Stevens | title = Myalgic encephalomyelitis: Adult & Paediatric: International Consensus Primer for Medical Practitioners | date = 2012| isbn = 978-0-9739335-3-6 | url = http://www.investinme.org/Documents/Guidelines/Myalgic%20Encephalomyelitis%20International%20Consensus%20Primer%20-2012-11-26.pdf}}</ref><ref name="niceng206">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng206 | title = Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (or Encephalopathy)/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome:diagnosis and management. NICE guideline. | last=NICE Guideline Development Group | first = | authorlink = |publisher=[[National Institute for Health and Care Excellence]] | date = 2021-10-29}}</ref> ==Notable studies== *2019, Dietary intakes and biomarker patterns of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 can be associated with cognitive impairment by hypermethylation of redox-related genes NUDT15 and TXNRD1<ref name="An2019">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6787977/</ref> - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6787977/ (Full text)] ==See also== *[[Genetic testing]] *[[Thiopurine S-Methyltransferase]] (TPMT) ==Learn more== *[https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=NUDT15 NUDT15 Gene] - Gene cards ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Genes]] [[Category:Enzymes]]
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