Neurotransmitter: Difference between revisions
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Over 100 substances that act as neurotransmitters to have been identified. The most common are: | Over 100 substances that act as neurotransmitters to have been identified. The most common are: | ||
*'''[[Amino acid]]s:''' Excitatory: [[glutamate]] (glutamic acid), [[Aspartate transaminase|aspartate]] (aspartic acid) | *'''[[Amino acid]]s:''' | ||
*'''[[Monoamine]]s:''' Catecholamines | **Excitatory: [[glutamate]] (glutamic acid), [[Aspartate transaminase|aspartate]] (aspartic acid) | ||
**Inhibitory: [[gamma-aminobutyric acid]] (GABA), [[glycine]] | |||
*'''[[Monoamine]]s:''' | |||
**Catecholamines | |||
**Dopaminergic - [[dopamine]] (DA) | |||
**Adrenergic - [[norepinephrine]] (noradrenaline; NE, NA), [[epinephrine]] (adrenaline) | |||
**Indoleamine: [[serotonin]] (SER, 5-HT) | |||
**Other: [[histamine]] | |||
*'''Cholinergic neurotransmitter:''' [[Acetylcholine]] (ACh) | *'''Cholinergic neurotransmitter:''' [[Acetylcholine]] (ACh) | ||
*'''[[Trace amine]]s''': [[phenethylamine]], [[N-methylphenethylamine|''N''-methylphenethylamine]], [[tyramine]], [[3-iodothyronamine]], [[octopamine (neurotransmitter)|octopamine]], [[tryptamine]], etc. | *'''[[Trace amine]]s''': [[phenethylamine]], [[N-methylphenethylamine|''N''-methylphenethylamine]], [[tyramine]], [[3-iodothyronamine]], [[octopamine (neurotransmitter)|octopamine]], [[tryptamine]], etc. | ||
*'''Unusual neurotransmitters''': [[Gasotransmitter]]s - [[nitric oxide]] (NO), [[carbon monoxide]] (CO), [[hydrogen sulfide]] (H<sub>2</sub>S) | *'''Unusual neurotransmitters''': | ||
*'''[[Peptide]]s:''' [[somatostatin]], [[substance P]], [[cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript]], [[opioid peptide]]s | ** | ||
**[[Gasotransmitter]]s - [[nitric oxide]] (NO), [[carbon monoxide]] (CO), [[hydrogen sulfide]] (H<sub>2</sub>S) | |||
* '''[[Putative neurotransmitter]]s:''' [[prostaglandin]]s | **Endogenous [[cannabis]]: Endocannabinoids, [[Zinc]] | ||
*Others: [[anandamide]], etc.: [[anandamide]], etc. | **D-serine | ||
*'''[[Peptide]]s:''' | |||
*[[somatostatin]], [[substance P]], [[cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript]], [[opioid peptide]]s | |||
*'''[[Putative neurotransmitter]]s:''' | |||
** [[prostaglandin]]s | |||
** [[adenosine triphosphate]] (ATP), [[adenosine]] | |||
*'''Others''': [[anandamide]], etc.: [[anandamide]], etc. | |||
==References== | ==References== |
Revision as of 18:49, January 13, 2020
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemical messengers that transmit signals between neurons, or from neurons to other cells.[1] Neurotransmitters may transmit signals across neuromuscular junctions, between muscle cells, gland cells, and immune cells.
Over 100 substances that act as neurotransmitters to have been identified. The most common are:
- Amino acids:
- Excitatory: glutamate (glutamic acid), aspartate (aspartic acid)
- Inhibitory: gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine
- Monoamines:
- Catecholamines
- Dopaminergic - dopamine (DA)
- Adrenergic - norepinephrine (noradrenaline; NE, NA), epinephrine (adrenaline)
- Indoleamine: serotonin (SER, 5-HT)
- Other: histamine
- Cholinergic neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine (ACh)
- Trace amines: phenethylamine, N-methylphenethylamine, tyramine, 3-iodothyronamine, octopamine, tryptamine, etc.
- Unusual neurotransmitters:
- Gasotransmitters - nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
- Endogenous cannabis: Endocannabinoids, Zinc
- D-serine
- Peptides:
- somatostatin, substance P, cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript, opioid peptides
- Putative neurotransmitters:
- Others: anandamide, etc.: anandamide, etc.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Wilkinson, Michael; Brown, Richard E., eds. (2015). "Neurotransmitters". An Introduction to Neuroendocrinology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 79–114. ISBN 978-0-521-80647-3.