Neurotransmitter: Difference between revisions

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m (Monoamine subcategories, standardize amino acid names)
m (layout, remove purines heading (they are in Putative neurotransmitters))
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Over 100 substances that act as neurotransmitters to have been identified. The most common are:
Over 100 substances that act as neurotransmitters to have been identified. The most common are:


*'''[[Amino acid]]s:''' Excitatory: [[glutamate]] (glutamic acid), [[Aspartate transaminase|aspartate]] (aspartic acid); Inhibitory: [[gamma-aminobutyric acid]] (GABA), [[glycine]]
*'''[[Amino acid]]s:'''  
*'''[[Monoamine]]s:''' Catecholamines; dopaminergic - [[dopamine]] (DA); adrenergic: [[norepinephrine]] (noradrenaline; NE, NA), [[epinephrine]] (adrenaline); indoleamine: [[serotonin]] (SER, 5-HT); other: [[histamine]]
**Excitatory: [[glutamate]] (glutamic acid), [[Aspartate transaminase|aspartate]] (aspartic acid)
**Inhibitory: [[gamma-aminobutyric acid]] (GABA), [[glycine]]
*'''[[Monoamine]]s:'''  
**Catecholamines
**Dopaminergic - [[dopamine]] (DA)
**Adrenergic - [[norepinephrine]] (noradrenaline; NE, NA), [[epinephrine]] (adrenaline)
**Indoleamine: [[serotonin]] (SER, 5-HT)
**Other: [[histamine]]
*'''Cholinergic neurotransmitter:''' [[Acetylcholine]] (ACh)
*'''Cholinergic neurotransmitter:''' [[Acetylcholine]] (ACh)
*'''[[Trace amine]]s''': [[phenethylamine]], [[N-methylphenethylamine|''N''-methylphenethylamine]], [[tyramine]], [[3-iodothyronamine]], [[octopamine (neurotransmitter)|octopamine]], [[tryptamine]], etc.
*'''[[Trace amine]]s''': [[phenethylamine]], [[N-methylphenethylamine|''N''-methylphenethylamine]], [[tyramine]], [[3-iodothyronamine]], [[octopamine (neurotransmitter)|octopamine]], [[tryptamine]], etc.
*'''Unusual neurotransmitters''': [[Gasotransmitter]]s - [[nitric oxide]] (NO), [[carbon monoxide]] (CO), [[hydrogen sulfide]] (H<sub>2</sub>S); Endogenous [[cannabis]]: Endocannabinoids, [[Zinc]]; D-serine
*'''Unusual neurotransmitters''':
*'''[[Peptide]]s:''' [[somatostatin]], [[substance P]], [[cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript]], [[opioid peptide]]s
**
*'''[[Purinergic signalling|Purines]]:''' [[adenosine triphosphate]] (ATP), [[adenosine]]
**[[Gasotransmitter]]s - [[nitric oxide]] (NO), [[carbon monoxide]] (CO), [[hydrogen sulfide]] (H<sub>2</sub>S)
* '''[[Putative neurotransmitter]]s:''' [[prostaglandin]]s, [[adenosine triphosphate]] (ATP), [[adenosine]]
**Endogenous [[cannabis]]: Endocannabinoids, [[Zinc]]
*Others: [[anandamide]], etc.: [[anandamide]], etc.
**D-serine
*'''[[Peptide]]s:'''  
*[[somatostatin]], [[substance P]], [[cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript]], [[opioid peptide]]s
*'''[[Putative neurotransmitter]]s:'''  
** [[prostaglandin]]s
** [[adenosine triphosphate]] (ATP), [[adenosine]]
*'''Others''': [[anandamide]], etc.: [[anandamide]], etc.


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 18:49, January 13, 2020

Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemical messengers that transmit signals between neurons, or from neurons to other cells.[1] Neurotransmitters may transmit signals across neuromuscular junctions, between muscle cells, gland cells, and immune cells.

Over 100 substances that act as neurotransmitters to have been identified. The most common are:

References[edit | edit source]

  1. Wilkinson, Michael; Brown, Richard E., eds. (2015). "Neurotransmitters". An Introduction to Neuroendocrinology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 79–114. ISBN 978-0-521-80647-3.