Neurotransmitter: Difference between revisions
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Over 100 substances that act as neurotransmitters to have been identified. The most common are: | Over 100 substances that act as neurotransmitters to have been identified. The most common are: | ||
*'''[[Amino acid]]s:''' [[glutamate]], [[aspartate | *'''[[Amino acid]]s:''' [[glutamate]], [[aspartate]], [[γ-aminobutyric acid]] (GABA), [[glycine]] | ||
*'''[[Monoamine]]s:''' [[dopamine]] (DA), [[norepinephrine]] (noradrenaline; NE, NA), [[epinephrine]] (adrenaline), [[histamine]], [[serotonin]] (SER, 5-HT) | *'''[[Monoamine]]s:''' [[dopamine]] (DA), [[norepinephrine]] (noradrenaline; NE, NA), [[epinephrine]] (adrenaline), [[histamine]], [[serotonin]] (SER, 5-HT) | ||
*'''Cholinergic neurotransmitter:''' [[Acetylcholine]] (ACh) | *'''Cholinergic neurotransmitter:''' [[Acetylcholine]] (ACh) | ||
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[[Category:Biochemistry and cell biology]] | [[Category:Biochemistry and cell biology]] | ||
[[Category:Neurotransmitters and hormones]] | [[Category:Neurotransmitters and hormones]] | ||
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Revision as of 18:29, January 13, 2020
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemical messengers that transmit signals between neurons, or from neurons to other cells.[1] Neurotransmitters may transmit signals across neuromuscular junctions, between muscle cells, gland cells, and immune cells.
Over 100 substances that act as neurotransmitters to have been identified. The most common are:
- Amino acids: glutamate, aspartate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine
- Monoamines: dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (noradrenaline; NE, NA), epinephrine (adrenaline), histamine, serotonin (SER, 5-HT)
- Cholinergic neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine (ACh)
- Trace amines: phenethylamine, N-methylphenethylamine, tyramine, 3-iodothyronamine, octopamine, tryptamine, etc.
- Unusual neurotransmitters: Gasotransmitters - nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S); Endogenous cannabis: Endocannabinoids, Zinc; D-serine
- Peptides: somatostatin, substance P, cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript, opioid peptides
- Purines: adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine
- Putative neurotransmitters: prostaglandins, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine
- Others: anandamide, etc.: anandamide, etc.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Wilkinson, Michael; Brown, Richard E., eds. (2015). "Neurotransmitters". An Introduction to Neuroendocrinology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 79–114. ISBN 978-0-521-80647-3.
