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Myalgic encephalomyelitis/he
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==Disease name== {{Main article |page_name = Names of myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome}} * '''Myalgic''' - of or relating to [[myalgia]] (muscle pain).<ref name="Terminology" /> * '''Encephalo''': Refers to the [[brain]].<ref name="Terminology" /> * '''-myel''': relating to the [[spinal cord]].<ref name="Terminology" /> * '''-itis''': [[Inflammation]].<ref name="Terminology" /> The name '''myalgic encephalomyelitis''' was first used in 1956 in an article in the ''Lancet'' medical journal to describ findings from the [[1955 Royal Free Hospital outbreak]] in London, UK.<ref name="MyalgicEncephalomyelitis-first-coines">{{Cite journal | journal = Lancet|volume=1|issue= | pages = 789–790 | date = 1956 | title = A new clinical entity?|url=https://mecfsj.files.wordpress.com/2019/05/lancet_e383a9e383b3e382bbe38383e383881956_me.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Terminology" /><ref name="Ramsay1965">{{Cite journal | last = Ramsay | first = A. Melvin | authorlink = Melvin Ramsay | date = 1965-10-30 | title = Hysteria and “Royal Free Disease.”|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1847119/|journal=British Medical Journal|volume=2|issue=5469|pages=1062|doi=|issn=0007-1447|pmc=1847119|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> The term myalgic encephalomyelitis is a portmanteau of several of the key signs and symptoms of the disease: myalgic (muscle pain), encephalo (brain), myel (spinal cord), itis (inflammation).<ref name="Terminology">{{Cite web|url=https://www.investinme.org/Article%20010-Encephalopathy%20Hooper.shtml | title = The Terminology of ME & CFS | first = Malcolm | last = Hooper | authorlink = Malcolm Hooper}}</ref><ref name="Smith1989">{{Cite book | title = Understanding M.E.: The Phenomenon of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Acute Onset Post Viral Fatigue Syndrome | page = 20 | last = Smith | first = David G | date = 1989}}</ref> The [[central nervous system]] (brain and spinal cord) are inflamed. ===Benign myalgic encephalomyelitis === ''Benign'' myalgic encephalomyelitis was the term used by the [[World Health Organization]] from 1969,<ref name="ICD-8" /> with the prefix "benign" used to denote that M.E. was not fatal, the prefix benign was later dropped since M.E. can [[causes of death|cause death]], for example the deaths of [[Merryn Crofts]] and [[Sophia Mirza]].<ref name="Terminology" /><ref name="Vindication" /><ref name="ICD-11">{{Cite web|url=https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/569175314 | title = 8E49 Postviral fatigue syndrome {{!}} ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics | last = World Health Organization | first = | authorlink = World Health Organization | date = |website=World Health Organization|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2022-03-19|quote='''8E49 Postviral fatigue syndrome'''<br />Other disorders of the nervous system<br />Inclusions<br/>chronic fatigue syndrome<br/>myalgic encephalomyelitis<br />Exclusions<br/>Fatigue (MG22)}}</ref> [[Merryn Crofts]] had [[Severe and very severe ME#verysevere|very severe ME]], was bedbound and unable to eat. She weighed six stone (84 lbs) at her death; her autopsy revealed inflammation of the [[Dorsal root ganglia|dorsal root ganglia]].{{Citation needed | date = February 2021}} Merryn's death certificate was the second in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] to attribute a death to ME.<ref name="Vindication">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-44969741 | title = 'Vindication' for woman who wanted ME on death certificate | first = Jim | last = Taylor|publisher=BBC Radio 5 Live | date = Jul 27, 2018}}</ref> ===Disease of a thousand names === Myalgic Encephalomyelitis has been referred to as the ''"disease of a thousand names"''.<ref name="Bell1991">{{Cite book | last = Bell | first = David S. | authorlink = David Bell | title = Chronic Fatigue/Immune Dysfunction Syndrome. CFIDS: The disease of a thousand names|location = Lyndonville, NY|publisher=Pollard Publications | date = 1991 | url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Chronic_Fatigue_immune_Dysfunction_Syndr.html?id=QYvkugAACAAJ|archive-url=https://archive.org/details/cfidsdiseaseofth00bell|archive-date=2010-02-16}}</ref> Other names used or proposed in the history of the myalgic encephalomyelitis include [[atypical polio]], [[Icelandic disease]], benign ME, [[epidemic neuromyasthenia]], [[chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[Chronic Fatigue Immune Dysfunction Syndrome]] (CFIDS), and [[systemic exertion intolerance disease]] (SEID).<ref name="Bell1991" /><ref name="IOM-full" /> This has lead to much confusion as a variety of names have been used at different times to describe discrete outbreaks as well as a larger and potentially more heterogenous population of sporadic cases, defined by a wide variety of [[Definitions of myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome|diagnostic criteria]]. Some names have emphasized particular symptoms or pathology, including chronic fatigue syndrome and myalgic encephalomyelitis.<ref name="Terminology" /> A survey by [[The MEAction Network]] in 2016 found that the majority of patients prefer the name ME to other names including chronic fatigue syndrome.<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://www.meaction.net/2016/08/07/meaction-rfi-poll-report-1-of-3/ | title = #MEAction RFI Poll Report (Part 1 of 3) - #MEAction | date = 2016-08-07|work=#MEAction|access-date=2018-09-08|language=en-US}}</ref> Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) was the original name for [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] (CFS); the names are used interchangeably or with the acronym [[ME/CFS]].<ref name="Smith1989" />
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