Migraine
Migraine headaches commonly occur in people with ME/CFS. In a 2011 study by Ravindran, et al, migraine headaches were found in 84%, and tension-type headaches in 81% of a cohort of CFS patients.[1] This compared to 5% and 45%, respectively, in a cohort of healthy controls.[1]
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
Migraine without aura is defined by the following diagnostic criteria outlined in The International Classification Of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition:
Migraine without aura diagnostic criteria[edit | edit source]
- At least five headache attacks that
- Last 4–72 hours without successful treatment
- Headaches have at least two of the following four characteristics:
- unilateral location;
- pulsating quality;
- moderate to severe pain intensity; and
- aggravation by or causing avoidance of routine physical activity.
- During the headaches at least one of the following:
- nausea and/or vomiting
- photophobia and phonophobia (avoidance of loud noises)
- Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis.
- Migraines without aura may also be called common migraine' or hemicrania simplex.[2]
Migraine with aura diagnostic criteria[edit | edit source]
- Visual, sensory and central nervous system symptom in beginning shortly before a migraine headache are known as an aura, although migraine with aura without migraine headaches are also recognized.
- At least two migraine attacks fulfilling criteria B and C
- One or more of the following fully reversible aura symptoms
- visual
- sensory
- speech and/or language
- motor
- brainstem
- retinal
- At least three of the following characteristics:
- at least one aura symptom spreads gradually over five minutes or longer
- two or more aura symptoms occur in succession
- each individual aura symptom lasts 5 to 60 minutes
- at least one aura symptom is unilateral (one sided)
- at least one aura symptom is positive
- the aura is accompanied, or followed within 60 minutes, by headache
- Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis.
Migraines without aura may also be called Classic or classical migraine, ophthalmic, hemiparaesthetic, hemiplegic or aphasic migraine, or complicated migraine.[2]
Chronic migraine[edit | edit source]
Abdominal migraine[edit | edit source]
Migraines in ME/CFS[edit | edit source]
Migraines is one of several illnesses or conditions experienced alongside of ME/CFS.[3]
The Canadian Consensus Criteria recognizes migraines in the possible neurological symptoms of ME/CFS.
Possible causes[edit | edit source]
Potential treatments[edit | edit source]
Migraine treatment consists of:
- Abortive treatments, that aim to stop a migraine attack or reduce the symptoms
- Prevention, which aims to reduce how often migraines occur and their intensity
Migraine attack treatments[edit | edit source]
- Triptans, e.g. Sumatriptan, brand name Imitrex (13 out of 14 newly diagnosed migraine subjects responded to sumatriptan in one CFS patient cohort)[1] or zomitriptan, brand name Zomig[4]
- Small molecule CGRP antagonists, known as gepants, which are the newest group of migraine drugs[5]
- General pain medications, which are sometimes combined, for example acetaminophen and naproxen
Migraine prevention[edit | edit source]
- Migraine elimination diets, which rely on identifying particular foods, drinks or additives that trigger migraines, for example avoiding the consumption of nitrates and tyramine
- CGRP antagonists, particularly CGRP monoclonal antibodies but possibly some gepants[5]
- Drugs developed for other uses that are known to reduce migraines, including propranolol, amitriptyline (Elavil), topiramate (Topamax) or botulinum toxin type A (Botox injections)[5]
- Acupuncture[6]
- Daith piercing[7]
Notable studies[edit | edit source]
- 2011, Migraine headaches in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): comparison of two prospective cross-sectional studies.[1]
- 2013, Migraine in gulf war illness and chronic fatigue syndrome: Prevalence, potential mechanisms, and evaluation.[8] (Full Text)
- 2016, Migraines Are Correlated with Higher Levels of Nitrate-, Nitrite-, and Nitric Oxide-Reducing Oral Microbes in the American Gut Project Cohort[9] (Full Text)
See also[edit | edit source]
Learn more[edit | edit source]
- Oct 18, 2016, Migraines could be caused by gut bacteria, study suggests[10]
- May 19, 2018, The Migraine Drug Explosion Begins: Could Fibromyalgia and ME/CFS Benefit?[11]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Ravindran, Murugan K; Zheng, Yin; Timbol, Christian; Merck, Samantha J; Baraniuk, James N (March 5, 2011). "Migraine headaches in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS): Comparison of two prospective cross-sectional studies". BMC Neurology. 11 (1). doi:10.1186/1471-2377-11-30. ISSN 1471-2377. PMID 21375763.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (2018). "The International Classification of Headache Disorders". Cephalalgia (3rd ed.). 38 (1): 1–211. doi:10.1177/0333102417738202. ISSN 0333-1024.
- ↑ "Overlapping Conditions – American ME and CFS Society". ammes.org. Retrieved August 12, 2018.
- ↑ "Migraine Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options". Drugs.com. Retrieved October 12, 2021.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Negro, Andrea; Martelletti, Paolo (June 2019). "Gepants for the treatment of migraine". Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 28 (6): 555–567. doi:10.1080/13543784.2019.1618830. ISSN 1744-7658. PMID 31081399.
- ↑ "Migraine - Prevention". National Health Service. October 23, 2017. Retrieved October 12, 2021.
- ↑ Cascio Rizzo, Angelo; Paolucci, Matteo; Altavilla, Riccardo; Brunelli, Nicoletta; Assenza, Federica; Altamura, Claudia; Vernieri, Fabrizio (2017). "Daith Piercing in a Case of Chronic Migraine: A Possible Vagal Modulation". Frontiers in Neurology. 8. doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00624. ISSN 1664-2295. PMC 5711775. PMID 29230190.
- ↑ Rayhan, Rakib U.; Ravindran, Murugan K.; Baraniuk, James N. (2013). "Migraine in gulf war illness and chronic fatigue syndrome: prevalence, potential mechanisms, and evaluation". Frontiers in Physiology. 4: 181. doi:10.3389/fphys.2013.00181. ISSN 1664-042X. PMID 23898301.
- ↑ Gonzalez, Antonio; Hyde, Embriette; Sangwan, Naseer; Gilbert, Jack A.; Virre, Erik; Knight, Rob (October 18, 2016). "Migraines Are Correlated with Higher Levels of Nitrate-, Nitrite-, and Nitric Oxide-Reducing Oral Microbes in the American Gut Project Cohort" (PDF). American Society for Microbiology. 1 (5).
- ↑ Devlin, Hannah (October 18, 2016). "Migraines could be caused by gut bacteria, study suggests". the Guardian. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
- ↑ Johnson, Cort (May 19, 2018). "The Migraine Drug Explosion Begins: Could Fibromyalgia and ME/CFS Benefit? - Health Rising". Health Rising. Retrieved August 11, 2018.