Michael Maes

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Michael Maes, M.D., Ph.D., developed the Neuro-Inflammatory and Oxidative Fatigue (NIOF) Theory as a cause for ME/CFS.[1] He currently works at the Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.[2] Other work associations include IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia and the Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Brazil.[2][3]

While residing in Belgium, he served as a clinician at MCare4U Outpatient Clinics, Antwerp, Belgium.[4]

His special interests include: Behavorial Systems Biology, major depression, inflammatory illnesses and chronic fatigue syndrome.[5]

Neuro-Inflammatory and Oxidative Fatigue (NIOF) Theory[edit | edit source]

In 2015, Maes developed a new case definition of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) called Neuro-Inflammatory and Oxidative Fatigue (NIOF) "based on pattern recognition methods and using neuro-immune, inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress (neuro-IO&NS) biomarkers as external validating criteria." These biomarkers include "IgM / IgA responses against LPS (lipopolysaccharides) of gut commensal bacteria (leaky gut), IgM responses to O&NS modified neoepitopes, autoimmunity to serotonin, plasma interleukin-1 (IL-1) and serum neopterin." Maes sees a "significant overlap between NIOF and chronic fatigue syndrome although NIOF criteria were much more restrictive."[1]

Professor Maes proposes the ME/CFS, as well as other chronic diseases, can be treated by lessening the Neuro-Inflammatory and Oxidative Fatigue with foods and supplements that decrease inflammation and repair leaky gut such as curcumin, N-acetyl-cysteine ​​(NAC), glutamine, zinc, and omega-3 oils.[6]

Books[edit | edit source]

Published Studies[edit | edit source]

  • 2006, Increased serum IgA and IgM against LPS of enterobacteria in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): indication for the involvement of gram-negative enterobacteria in the etiology of CFS and for the presence of an increased gut-intestinal permeability.[8]
  • 2008, Normalization of leaky gut in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is accompanied by a clinical improvement: Effects of age, duration of illness and the translocation of LPS from gram-negative bacteria[9] - (Abstract - full text upon request)
  • 2009, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: la bête noire of the Belgian Health Care System[10] - (Full text)
  • 2009, A review on cognitive behavorial therapy (CBT) and graded exercise therapy (GET) in myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): CBT/GET is not only ineffective and not evidence-based, but also potentially harmful for many patients with ME/CFS[11] - (Full text)

Talks & Interviews[edit | edit source]

Online Presence[edit | edit source]

Learn more[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. 1.0 1.1 Maes, Michael (October 11, 2015). "A new case definition of Neuro-Inflammatory and Oxidative Fatigue (NIOF), a neuroprogressive disorder, formerly known as chronic fatigue syndrome or Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: Results of multivariate pattern recognition methods and external validation by neuro-immune biomarkers". Neuro endocrinology letters. 36 (4): 320–329.
  2. 2.0 2.1 "Michael Maes | M.D., Ph.D. | Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok | Department of Psychiatry". ResearchGate. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
  3. http://revitalis.nl/?team=prof-dr-michael-maes
  4. Maes, Michael; Mihaylova, Ivana; Leunis, Jean-Claude (October 2006). "Chronic fatigue syndrome is accompanied by an IgM-related immune response directed against neopitopes formed by oxidative or nitrosative damage to lipids and proteins". Neuro Endocrinology Letters. 27 (5): 615–621. ISSN 0172-780X. PMID 17159817.
  5. "Michael Maes - Google Scholar Citations". scholar.google.com. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
  6. http://revitalis.nl/?team=prof-dr-michael-maes
  7. Michael Maes (April 2011), nooit-meer-moe (Never Tired) (book), Zorro Publisher, ISBN 9789461680013
  8. Maes, Michael; Mihaylova, Ivanka; Leunis, JC (September 27, 2006), "Increased serum IgA and IgM against LPS of enterobacteria in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): indication for the involvement of gram-negative enterobacteria in the etiology of CFS and for the presence of an increased gut-intestinal permeability", J Affect Disord, 2007 Apr, 99(1-3): 237-40, doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.08.021, PMID 17007934
  9. Maes, Michael; Leunis, JC (2008), "Normalization of leaky gut in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is accompanied by a clinical improvement: Effects of age, duration of illness and the translocation of LPS from gram-negative bacteria", Neuro endocrinology letters, 26 (6): 902-10, PMID 19112401
  10. Maes, Michael; Twisk, Frank NM (April 29, 2009). "Chronic fatigue syndrome: la bête noire of the Belgian health care system" (PDF). Neuro Endocrinology Letters. 30 (3): 300–311. ISSN 0172-780X. PMID 19855351.
  11. Twisk, Frank NM; Maes, Michael (2009), "A review on cognitive behavorial therapy (CBT) and graded exercise therapy (GET) in myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME)/chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): CBT/GET is not only ineffective and not evidence-based, but also potentially harmful for many patients with ME/CFS." (PDF), Neuroendocrinology Letters, 30 (3): 284–299, PMID 19855350
  12. Maes, Michael; Mihaylova, Ivanka; Kubera, Marta; Uytterhoeven, Marc; Vrydags, Nicolas; Bosmans, Eugene (2009). "Coenzyme Q10 deficiency in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is related to fatigue, autonomic and neurocognitive symptoms and is another risk factor explaining the early mortality in ME/CFS due to cardiovascular disorder". Neuro Endocrinology Letters. 30 (4): 470–476. ISSN 0172-780X. PMID 20010505.
  13. Maes, Michael; Twisk, Frank N; Kubera, M; Ringel, K; Leunis, JC; Geffard, M (October 2, 2011), "Increased IgA responses to the LPS of commensal bacteria is associated with inflammation and activation of cell-mediated immunity in chronic fatigue syndrome", J Affect Disord, 2012 Feb, 136(3): 909-17, doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.09.010, PMID 21967891
  14. Maes, Michael; Twisk, Frank N.M.; Kubera, Marta; Ringel, Karl (February 2012). "Evidence for inflammation and activation of cell-mediated immunity in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): Increased interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, PMN-elastase, lysozyme and neopterin". Journal of Affective Disorders. 136 (3): 933–939. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.09.004. ISSN 0165-0327.
  15. Maes, Michael; Twisk, Frank N.M.; Johnson, Cort (December 2012). "Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME), Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), and Chronic Fatigue (CF) are distinguished accurately: Results of supervised learning techniques applied on clinical and inflammatory data". Psychiatry Research. 200 (2–3): 754–760. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.03.031. ISSN 0165-1781.
  16. Maes, Michael; Ringel, Karl; Kubera, Marta; Anderson, George; Morris, Gerwyn; Galacki, Piotr; Geffard, Michel (September 5, 2013), "In myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, increased autoimmune activity against 5-HT is associated with immuno-inflammatory pathways and bacterial translocation", Journal of Affective Disorders, 150 (2): 223-230, doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.03.029
  17. Morris, Gerwyn; Maes, Michael (2013), "Case definitions and diagnostic criteria for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic fatigue Syndrome: from clinical-consensus to evidence-based case definitions", Neuro Endocrinology Letters, 34 (3): 185-99., PMID 23685416
  18. Morris, Gerwyn; Maes, Michael (2014), "Mitochondrial dysfunctions in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome explained by activated immuno-inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways", Metabolic Brain Disease, 29 (19), doi:10.1007/s11011-013-9435-x
  19. Morris, Gerwyn; Berk, Michael; Galacki, Piotr; Maes, Michael (2014), "The emerging role of autoimmunity in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/cfs)", Molecular Neurobiology, 49 (2): 741-756, doi:10.1007/s12035-013-8553-0
  20. Morris, Gerwyn; Maes, Michael (2014), "Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress and Immune-Inflammatory Pathways in Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME)/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)", Current Neuropharmacology, 12 (2): 168–185, doi:10.2174/1570159X11666131120224653
  21. Maes, Michael (2015), "A new case definition of Neuro-Inflammatory and Oxidative Fatigue (NIOF), a neuroprogressive disorder, formerly known as chronic fatigue syndrome or Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: results of multivariate pattern recognition methods and external validation by neuro-immune biomarkers.", Neuro endocrinology letters, 36 (4): 320-9., PMID 26454487
  22. Morris, Gerwyn; Berk, Michael; Walder, K; Maes, Michael (2015), "Central pathways causing fatigue in neuro-inflammatory and autoimmune illnesses.", BMC Medicine, 13 (28), doi:10.1186/s12916-014-0259-2
  23. Morris, Gerwyn; Berk, Michael; Klein, H.; Walder, K.; Galacki, Piotr; Maes, Michael (June 23, 2016), "Nitrosative Stress, Hypernitrosylation, and Autoimmune Responses to Nitrosylated Proteins: New Pathways in Neuroprogressive Disorders Including Depression and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome", Molecular Neurobiology, doi:10.1007/s12035-016-9975-2
  24. Morris, Gerwyn; Berk, Michael; Carvalho, A.F.; Caso, J.R.; Sanz, Y.; Maes, Michael (2016), "The role of microbiota and intestinal permeability in the pathophysiology of autoimmune and neuroimmune processes with an emphasis on Inflammatory Bowel Disease Type 1 Diabetes and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.", Current Pharmaceutical Design, PMID 27634186
  25. Morris, Gerwyn; Maes, Michael (2017), "Mechanisms Explaining Muscle Fatigue and Muscle Pain in Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): a Review of Recent Findings", Current Rheumatology Reports, 19 (1), doi:10.1007/s11926-017-0628-x
  26. Simeonova, Denitsa; Ivanovska, Mariya; Murdjeva, Mariana; Carvalho, Andre F.; Maes, Michael (November 15, 2018). "Recognizing the leaky gut as a trans-diagnostic target for neuro-immune disorders using clinical chemistry and molecular immunology assays". Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 18. doi:10.2174/1568026618666181115100610. ISSN 1568-0266.
  27. Morris, Gerwyn; Maes, Michael; Berk, Michael; Puri, Basant K. (February 13, 2019). "Myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome: how could the illness develop?". Metabolic Brain Disease. doi:10.1007/s11011-019-0388-6. ISSN 0885-7490. PMID 30758706.
  28. Morris, Gerwyn; Puri, Basant K.; Walker, Adam J.; Maes, Michael; Carvalho, Andre F.; Walder, Ken; Mazza, Catherine; Berk, Michael (September 2019). "Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: From pathophysiological insights to novel therapeutic opportunities". Pharmacological Research: 104450. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104450.