Melatonin: Difference between revisions
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==Costs and availability== | ==Costs and availability== | ||
In [[Canada]] and the [[United States]], melatonin is sold over-the-counter. In other countries, such as the [[United Kingdom]], it is only available with a prescription but may be legal to import for personal use. | In [[Canada]] and the [[United States]], melatonin is sold over-the-counter. In other countries, such as the [[United Kingdom]], it is only available with a prescription but may be legal to import for personal use. | ||
==Dosage== | |||
Typical doseage for melatonin is 1-5mg per night.<ref name="emc" /> | |||
==Risks and safety == | ==Risks and safety == | ||
Melatonin has not need studied in people with [[autoimmune disorder|autoimmune disease]]<ref name="emc">https://emc-prod-ukwest-wa.azurewebsites.net/emc/product/10024/smpc</ref>, however ME/CFS is not classed as an autoimmune disease at present despite the [[:Category:Immune signs and symptoms|immune symptoms]].<ref name="ICC2011primer">{{citation| last1 = Carruthers | first1 = BM | authorlink1 = Bruce Carruthers| last2 = van de Sande | first2 = MI | authorlink2 = Marjorie van de Sande | Melatonin has not need studied in people with [[autoimmune disorder|autoimmune disease]]<ref name="emc">{{Cite web |title =Slenyto 5 mg prolonged-release tablets|website=electronic medicines compendium |access-date =Mar 4, 2021|url=https://emc-prod-ukwest-wa.azurewebsites.net/emc/product/10024/smpc}}</ref>, however ME/CFS is not classed as an autoimmune disease at present despite the [[:Category:Immune signs and symptoms|immune symptoms]].<ref name="ICC2011primer">{{citation| last1 = Carruthers | first1 = BM | authorlink1 = Bruce Carruthers| last2 = van de Sande | first2 = MI | authorlink2 = Marjorie van de Sande | ||
| last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = KL | authorlink3 = Kenny de Meirleir | | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = KL | authorlink3 = Kenny de Meirleir | ||
| last4 = Klimas | first4 = NG | authorlink4 = Nancy Klimas| last5 = Broderick | first5 = G | authorlink5 = Gordon Broderick | | last4 = Klimas | first4 = NG | authorlink4 = Nancy Klimas| last5 = Broderick | first5 = G | authorlink5 = Gordon Broderick | ||
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| date = 2012| isbn = 978-0-9739335-3-6 | | date = 2012| isbn = 978-0-9739335-3-6 | ||
| url = http://www.investinme.org/Documents/Guidelines/Myalgic%20Encephalomyelitis%20International%20Consensus%20Primer%20-2012-11-26.pdf | | url = http://www.investinme.org/Documents/Guidelines/Myalgic%20Encephalomyelitis%20International%20Consensus%20Primer%20-2012-11-26.pdf | ||
}}</ref><ref name="ICD11">{{cite web|title=ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics|url=https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f569175314|last=World Health Organization|first=|authorlink=World Health Organization|date=2020|website=icd.who.int|url-status=|archive-url=|archive-date=| | }}</ref><ref name="ICD11">{{cite web|title=ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics|url=https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f569175314|last=World Health Organization|first=|authorlink=World Health Organization|date=2020|website=icd.who.int|url-status=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=20 May 2020|quote=Diseases of the nervous system}}</ref><ref name="CDC-IOM-SEIDcriteria">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/healthcare-providers/diagnosis/iom-2015-diagnostic-criteria.html|title=IOM 2015 Diagnostic Criteria {{!}} Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|website=[[Centers for Disease Control]]|date=Jan 27, 2021|access-date =2021-02-25}}</ref> | ||
==Notable studies== | ==Notable studies== |
Revision as of 13:18, March 4, 2021
Melatonin, also sold under the brand name Slenyto, is a hormone produced in the pineal gland which regulates sleep and wakefulness.[1][2] It is involved in the synchronization of circadian rhythms, including sleep-wake timing, blood pressure and body temperature regulation, cardiovascular efficiency and muscle strength, and many others.[3][4]
Theory[edit | edit source]
Many of melatonin's biological effects are produced through activation of melatonin receptors,[5] while others are due to its role as an antioxidant,[1] with a particular role in the protection of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA.[6]
Melatonin supplements or medication are commonly used for helping people get to sleep or stay asleep.[7][2]
ME/CFS[edit | edit source]
Evidence[edit | edit source]
As a medicine, it is used for the treatment of insomnia, however, scientific evidence is insufficient to demonstrate a benefit in this area.[8] Melatonin is also used for sleep dysfunction.
As a medicine, some forms of melatonin are licensed for use for Insomnia or sleep in children with ADHD.[2]
Costs and availability[edit | edit source]
In Canada and the United States, melatonin is sold over-the-counter. In other countries, such as the United Kingdom, it is only available with a prescription but may be legal to import for personal use.
Dosage[edit | edit source]
Typical doseage for melatonin is 1-5mg per night.[2]
Risks and safety[edit | edit source]
Melatonin has not need studied in people with autoimmune disease[2], however ME/CFS is not classed as an autoimmune disease at present despite the immune symptoms.[9][10][11]
Notable studies[edit | edit source]
- 1996, Dissociation of body-temperature and melatonin secretion circadian rhythms in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome[12]
- 2016, Effect of melatonin supplementation on plasma lipid hydroperoxides, homocysteine concentration and chronic fatigue syndrome in multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferons-beta and mitoxantrone.[13]
Learn more[edit | edit source]
- Drugs.com - Melatonin
- Wikipedia - Melatonin
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hardeland R (July 2005), "Antioxidative protection by melatonin: multiplicity of mechanisms from radical detoxification to radical avoidance", Endocrine, 27 (2): 119–30, doi:10.1385/ENDO:27:2:119, PMID 16217125
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "Slenyto 5 mg prolonged-release tablets". electronic medicines compendium. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- ↑ Altun A, Ugur-Altun B (May 2007), "Melatonin: therapeutic and clinical utilization", Int. J. Clin. Pract., 61 (5): 835–45, doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01191.x, PMID 17298593
- ↑ Hardeland R, Pandi-Perumal SR, Cardinali DP (March 2006), "Melatonin", The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 38 (3): 313–6, doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.08.020, PMID 16219483
- ↑ Boutin JA, Audinot V, Ferry G, Delagrange P (August 2005), "Molecular tools to study melatonin pathways and actions", Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 26 (8): 412–19, doi:10.1016/j.tips.2005.06.006, PMID 15992934
- ↑ Reiter RJ, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Tan DX, Burkhardt S (June 2001), "Free radical-mediated molecular damage. Mechanisms for the protective actions of melatonin in the central nervous system", Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 939: 200–15, doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03627.x, PMID 11462772
- ↑ "Melatonin". drugs.com. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- ↑ Brasure M, MacDonald R, Fuchs E, Olson CM, Carlyle M, Diem S, Koffel E, Khawaja IS, Ouellette J, Butler M, Kane RL, Wilt TJ (December 2015), Management of Insomnia Disorder [Internet], PMID 26844312
- ↑ Carruthers, BM; van de Sande, MI; De Meirleir, KL; Klimas, NG; Broderick, G; Mitchell, T; Staines, D; Powles, ACP; Speight, N; Vallings, R; Bateman, L; Bell, DS; Carlo-Stella, N; Chia, J; Darragh, A; Gerken, A; Jo, D; Lewis, DP; Light, AR; Light, KC; Marshall-Gradisnik, S; McLaren-Howard, J; Mena, I; Miwa, K; Murovska, M; Stevens, SR (2012), Myalgic encephalomyelitis: Adult & Paediatric: International Consensus Primer for Medical Practitioners (PDF), ISBN 978-0-9739335-3-6
- ↑ World Health Organization (2020). "ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics". icd.who.int. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
Diseases of the nervous system
- ↑ "IOM 2015 Diagnostic Criteria | Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". Centers for Disease Control. January 27, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
- ↑ Williams, G.; Pirmohamed, J.; Minors, D.; Waterhouse, J.; Buchan, I.; Arendt, J.; Edwards, R. H. (July 1996), "Dissociation of body-temperature and melatonin secretion circadian rhythms in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome", Clinical Physiology (Oxford, England), 16 (4): 327–337, ISSN 0144-5979, PMID 8842569
- ↑ Adamczyk-Sowa, M.; Sowa, P.; Adamczyk, J.; Niedziela, N.; Misiolek, H.; Owczarek, M.; Zwirska-Korczala, K. (April 2016), "Effect of melatonin supplementation on plasma lipid hydroperoxides, homocysteine concentration and chronic fatigue syndrome in multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferons-beta and mitoxantrone", Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology: An Official Journal of the Polish Physiological Society, 67 (2): 235–242, ISSN 1899-1505, PMID 27226183