Medical marijuana: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Medical marijuana.jpg|alt=dried blackberry marijuana labelled for medical use|thumb|upright=1|Cannabis indica labelled for medical use only]]
[[File:Medical marijuana.jpg|alt=dried blackberry marijuana labelled for medical use|thumb|upright=1|Cannabis indica labelled for medical use only]]
'''Medical marijuana or medical cannabis''' refers to the use of cannabis or derivatives of cannabis plants to treat medical illnesses or reduce symptoms.<ref name="marijuana-dict">{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/medical+marijuana|title=Definition of MEDICAL MARIJUANA|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en|access-date=2019-04-11}}</ref> Medical marijuana typically contains both [[CBD oil|CBD]] and [[THC]], which are two of the many biologically active substances found in cannabis.<ref name="thc-dict">{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/THC|title=Definition of THC|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en|access-date=2019-04-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/CBD|title=Definition of CBD|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en|access-date=2019-04-11}}</ref> CBD, which is not intoxicating or addictive, can also be produced from hemp plants, and is often marketed as [[CBD oil]] and sold legally as a without needing a perscription.<ref name="marijuana-dict" />{{Citation needed|Reason=CBD oil as legal non-perscription product}}
'''Medical marijuana or medical cannabis''' refers to the use of cannabis or derivatives of cannabis plants to treat medical illnesses or reduce symptoms.<ref name="marijuana-dict">{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/medical+marijuana | title = Definition of MEDICAL MARIJUANA|website=Merrian-Webster Dictionary|language=en|access-date=2019-04-11}}</ref> Medical marijuana typically contains both [[CBD oil|CBD]] and [[THC]], which are two of the many biologically active substances found in cannabis.<ref name="thc-dict">{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/THC | title = Definition of THC|website=Merrian-Webster Dictionary|language=en|access-date=2019-04-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/CBD | title = Definition of CBD|website=Merrian-Webster Dictionary|language=en|access-date=2019-04-11}}</ref> CBD, which is not intoxicating or addictive, can also be produced from hemp plants, and is often marketed as [[CBD oil]] and sold legally as a without needing a perscription.<ref name="marijuana-dict" />{{Citation needed|Reason=CBD oil as legal non-perscription product}}


==Evidence ==
==Evidence ==
[[File:Marijuana leaf.png|alt=marijuana leaf icon black|thumb|150x150px]]
[[File:Marijuana leaf.png|alt=marijuana leaf icon black|thumb|150x150px]]
A review by Whiting et al. (2015) found moderate evidence that medical use of cannabis can help with [[chronic pain]], but this review did not look at pain in ME/CFS.<ref name="Whiting2015">{{Cite journal|last=Whiting|first=Penny F.|last2=Wolff|first2=Robert F.|last3=Deshpande|first3=Sohan|last4=Di Nisio|first4=Marcello|last5=Duffy|first5=Steven|last6=Hernandez|first6=Adrian V.|last7=Keurentjes|first7=J. Christiaan|last8=Lang|first8=Shona|last9=Misso|first9=Kate|date=Jun 23, 2015|title=Cannabinoids for Medical Use|url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2338251?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&utm_source=articlePDF&utm_content=jama.2015.6358|journal=JAMA|language=en|volume=313|issue=24|pages=2456|doi=10.1001/jama.2015.6358|issn=0098-7484|quote=|author-link=Penny Whiting|author-link2=Robert Wolff|author-link3=Sohan Deshpande|author-link4=Marcello Di Nisio|author-link5=Steven Duffy|via=|author-link6=Adrian Hernandez|author-link7=J. Christiaan Keurentjes|author-link8=Shona Lang|author-link9=Kate Misso}}</ref>
A review by Whiting et al. (2015) found moderate evidence that medical use of cannabis can help with [[chronic pain]], but this review did not look at pain in ME/CFS.<ref name="Whiting2015">{{Cite journal | last = Whiting|first = Penny F. | last2 = Wolff | first2 = Robert F. | last3 = Deshpande | first3 = Sohan | last4 = Di Nisio | first4 = Marcello | last5 = Duffy | first5 = Steven | last6 = Hernandez | first6 = Adrian V. | last7 = Keurentjes | first7 = J. Christiaan | last8 = Lang | first8 = Shona | last9 = Misso | first9 = Kate | date = Jun 23, 2015 | title = Cannabinoids for Medical Use|url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2338251?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&utm_content=jama.2015.6358|journal=JAMA|language=en|volume=313|issue=24|pages=2456|doi=10.1001/jama.2015.6358|issn=0098-7484|quote= | author-link = Penny Whiting | authorlink2 = Robert Wolff | authorlink3 = Sohan Deshpande | authorlink4 = Marcello Di Nisio | authorlink5 = Steven Duffy|via= | authorlink6 = Adrian Hernandez | authorlink7 = J. Christiaan Keurentjes | authorlink8 = Shona Lang | authorlink9 = Kate Misso}}</ref>


Limited evidence is available for the use of cannabis or medical marijuana in people with [[fibromyalgia]].<ref name="Farre2011">{{Cite journal|last=Farré|first=Magí|author-link=Magí Farré|last2=Carbonell|first2=Jordi|author-link2=Jordi Carbonell|last3=Capellà|first3=Dolors|author-link3=Dolors Capellà|last4=Durán|first4=Marta|author-link4=Marta Durán|last5=Fiz|first5=Jimena|author-link5=Jimena Fiz|date=Apr 21, 2011|title=Cannabis Use in Patients with Fibromyalgia: Effect on Symptoms Relief and Health-Related Quality of Life|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0018440|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=6|issue=4|pages=e18440|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0018440|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3080871|pmid=21533029|quote=|via=}}</ref><ref name="vanDonk2019">{{Cite journal|last=van de Donk|first=Tine|author-link=Tine van de Donk|last2=Niesters|first2=Marieke|author-link2=Marieke Niesters|last3=Kowal|first3=Mikael A.|author-link3=Mikael Kowal|last4=Olofsen|first4=Erik|author-link4=Erik Olofsen|last5=Dahan|first5=Albert|author-link5=Albert Dahan|last6=van Velzen|first6=Monique|author-link6=Monique van Velzen|date=Apr 2019|title=An experimental randomized study on the analgesic effects of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis in chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia|url=https://journals.lww.com/pain/Fulltext/2019/04000/An_experimental_randomized_study_on_the_analgesic.11.aspx|journal=PAIN|language=en-US|volume=160|issue=4|pages=860|doi=10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001464|issn=0304-3959|quote=|via=}}</ref>
Limited evidence is available for the use of cannabis or medical marijuana in people with [[fibromyalgia]].<ref name="Farre2011">{{Cite journal | last = Farré|first = Magí | author-link = Magí Farré | last2 = Carbonell | first2 = Jordi | authorlink2 = Jordi Carbonell | last3 = Capellà | first3 = Dolors | authorlink3 = Dolors Capellà | last4 = Durán | first4 = Marta | authorlink4 = Marta Durán | last5 = Fiz | first5 = Jimena | authorlink5 = Jimena Fiz | date = Apr 21, 2011 | title = Cannabis Use in Patients with Fibromyalgia: Effect on Symptoms Relief and Health-Related Quality of Life|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0018440|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=6|issue=4| pages = e18440|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0018440|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3080871|pmid=21533029|quote=|via=}}</ref><ref name="vanDonk2019">{{Cite journal | last = van de Donk|first = Tine | authorlink = Tine van de Donk | last2 = Niesters | first2 = Marieke | authorlink2 = Marieke Niesters | last3 = Kowal | first3 = Mikael A. | authorlink3 = Mikael Kowal | last4 = Olofsen | first4 = Erik | authorlink4 = Erik Olofsen | last5 = Dahan | first5 = Albert | authorlink5 = Albert Dahan | last6 = van Velzen | first6 = Monique | authorlink6 = Monique van Velzen | date = Apr 2019 | title = An experimental randomized study on the analgesic effects of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis in chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia|url=https://journals.lww.com/pain/Fulltext/2019/04000/An_experimental_randomized_study_on_the_analgesic.11.aspx|journal=PAIN|language=en-US|volume=160|issue=4 | pages = 860|doi=10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001464|issn=0304-3959|quote=|via=}}</ref>


==Notable studies==
==Notable studies==
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*2011, [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0018440 Cannabis Use in Patients with Fibromyalgia: Effect on Symptoms Relief and Health-Related Quality of Life]<ref name="Farre2011" />
*2011, [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0018440 Cannabis Use in Patients with Fibromyalgia: Effect on Symptoms Relief and Health-Related Quality of Life]<ref name="Farre2011" />
*2015, [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2338251?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&utm_source=articlePDF&utm_content=jama.2015.6358 Cannabinoids for medical use: A systematic review]<ref name="Whiting2015" />
*2015, [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2338251?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&utm_content=jama.2015.6358 Cannabinoids for medical use: A systematic review]<ref name="Whiting2015" />
*2016, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27573936 Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Pilot Study.]<ref name="CBD and THCV improve diabetic parameters, 2016" />
*2016, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27573936 Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Pilot Study.]<ref name="CBD and THCV improve diabetic parameters, 2016" />
*2019, [https://journals.lww.com/pain/Fulltext/2019/04000/An_experimental_randomized_study_on_the_analgesic.11.aspx An experimental randomized study on the analgesic effects of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis in chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia]<ref name="vanDonk2019" />
*2019, [https://journals.lww.com/pain/Fulltext/2019/04000/An_experimental_randomized_study_on_the_analgesic.11.aspx An experimental randomized study on the analgesic effects of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis in chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia]<ref name="vanDonk2019" />
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== Learn more ==
== Learn more ==
* [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2338251?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&utm_source=articlePDF&utm_content=jama.2015.6358 Cannabinoids for medical use: A systematic review] <ref name="Whiting2015" />
* [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2338251?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&utm_content=jama.2015.6358 Cannabinoids for medical use: A systematic review] <ref name="Whiting2015" />


==References==
==References==
<references>
<references>
<ref name="cannabidiolmito2009">{{Citation| doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4212-08.2009| issn = 1529-2401| volume = 29| issue = 7| pages = 2053–2063| last1 = Ryan| first1 = Duncan| last2 = Drysdale| first2 = Alison J.| last3 = Lafourcade| first3 = Carlos| last4 = Pertwee| first4 = Roger G.| last5 = Platt| first5 = Bettina| title = Cannabidiol targets mitochondria to regulate intracellular Ca2+ levels| journal = The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience| date = 2009-02-18| pmid = 19228959}}</ref>
<ref name="cannabidiolmito2009">{{Citation| doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4212-08.2009| issn = 1529-2401| volume = 29 | issue = 7| pages = 2053–2063| last1 = Ryan | first1 = Duncan | last2 = Drysdale | first2 = Alison J. | last3 = Lafourcade | first3 = Carlos | last4 = Pertwee | first4 = Roger G. | last5 = Platt | first5 = Bettina | title = Cannabidiol targets mitochondria to regulate intracellular Ca2+ levels| journal = The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience | date = 2009-02-18 | pmid = 19228959}}</ref>
<ref name="CBD and THCV improve diabetic parameters, 2016">{{Citation| doi = 10.2337/dc16-0650| volume = 39| issue = 10| pages = 1777-86| last1 =  Jadoon| first1 = Khalid A.| last2 = Ratcliffe| first2 = Stuart H.| last3 = Barrett| first3 = David A.| last4 = Thomas| first4 = E. Louise| last5 = Stott| first5 = Colin| last6 = Bell| first6 = Jimmy D.| last7 = O’Sullivan| first7 = Saoirse E.| last8 = Tan| first8 = Garry D.| title = Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Pilot Study| journal = Diabetes Care: American Diabetes Association| date = 2016-08-29| }}</ref>
<ref name="CBD and THCV improve diabetic parameters, 2016">{{Citation| doi = 10.2337/dc16-0650| volume = 39 | issue = 10| pages = 1777-86| last1 =  Jadoon | first1 = Khalid A. | last2 = Ratcliffe | first2 = Stuart H. | last3 = Barrett | first3 = David A. | last4 = Thomas | first4 = E. Louise | last5 = Stott | first5 = Colin | last6 = Bell | first6 = Jimmy D. | last7 = O’Sullivan | first7 = Saoirse E. | last8 = Tan | first8 = Garry D. | title = Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Pilot Study| journal = Diabetes Care: American Diabetes Association | date = 2016-08-29}}</ref>
</references>
</references>


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[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Antiemetics]]
[[Category:Antiemetics]]
[[Category:Analgesics]]
[[Category:Cannabis-derived drugs]]
[[Category:Antidepressants]]
[[Category:Depression alternative treatments]]
[[Category:Depression treatments]]

Latest revision as of 22:33, May 18, 2023

dried blackberry marijuana labelled for medical use
Cannabis indica labelled for medical use only

Medical marijuana or medical cannabis refers to the use of cannabis or derivatives of cannabis plants to treat medical illnesses or reduce symptoms.[1] Medical marijuana typically contains both CBD and THC, which are two of the many biologically active substances found in cannabis.[2][3] CBD, which is not intoxicating or addictive, can also be produced from hemp plants, and is often marketed as CBD oil and sold legally as a without needing a perscription.[1][citation needed]

Evidence[edit | edit source]

marijuana leaf icon black

A review by Whiting et al. (2015) found moderate evidence that medical use of cannabis can help with chronic pain, but this review did not look at pain in ME/CFS.[4]

Limited evidence is available for the use of cannabis or medical marijuana in people with fibromyalgia.[5][6]

Notable studies[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

Learn more[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. 1.0 1.1 "Definition of MEDICAL MARIJUANA". Merrian-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved April 11, 2019.
  2. "Definition of THC". Merrian-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved April 11, 2019.
  3. "Definition of CBD". Merrian-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved April 11, 2019.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Whiting, Penny F.; Wolff, Robert F.; Deshpande, Sohan; Di Nisio, Marcello; Duffy, Steven; Hernandez, Adrian V.; Keurentjes, J. Christiaan; Lang, Shona; Misso, Kate (June 23, 2015). "Cannabinoids for Medical Use". JAMA. 313 (24): 2456. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.6358. ISSN 0098-7484.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Farré, Magí; Carbonell, Jordi; Capellà, Dolors; Durán, Marta; Fiz, Jimena (April 21, 2011). "Cannabis Use in Patients with Fibromyalgia: Effect on Symptoms Relief and Health-Related Quality of Life". PLOS ONE. 6 (4): e18440. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018440. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3080871. PMID 21533029.
  6. 6.0 6.1 van de Donk, Tine; Niesters, Marieke; Kowal, Mikael A.; Olofsen, Erik; Dahan, Albert; van Velzen, Monique (April 2019). "An experimental randomized study on the analgesic effects of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis in chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia". PAIN. 160 (4): 860. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001464. ISSN 0304-3959.
  7. Ryan, Duncan; Drysdale, Alison J.; Lafourcade, Carlos; Pertwee, Roger G.; Platt, Bettina (February 18, 2009), "Cannabidiol targets mitochondria to regulate intracellular Ca2+ levels", The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 29 (7): 2053–2063, doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4212-08.2009, ISSN 1529-2401, PMID 19228959
  8. Jadoon, Khalid A.; Ratcliffe, Stuart H.; Barrett, David A.; Thomas, E. Louise; Stott, Colin; Bell, Jimmy D.; O’Sullivan, Saoirse E.; Tan, Garry D. (August 29, 2016), "Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Pilot Study", Diabetes Care: American Diabetes Association, 39 (10): 1777–86, doi:10.2337/dc16-0650