Magnetic resonance imaging: Difference between revisions
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'''Magnetic Resonance Imaging''' (MRI) uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce images of thin slices of tissues. MRI scans can be used to image many different parts of the body, including the [[brain]], joints, major organs and even the whole body.<ref name="MSD">{{Cite web | url=https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/professional/special-subjects/principles-of-radiologic-imaging/magnetic-resonance-imaging | title = Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Special Subjects - MSD Manual Professional Edition|work=MSD Manual Professional Edition|access-date=2018-10-12|language=en-GB}}</ref> | |||
'''Magnetic Resonance Imaging''' (MRI) uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce images of thin slices of tissues. MRI scans can be used to image many different parts of the body, including the [[brain]], joints, major organs and even the whole body.<ref>{{Cite | |||
MRI scans can be used for many different purposes, e.g. to show: | MRI scans can be used for many different purposes, e.g. to show: | ||
| Line 9: | Line 7: | ||
* [[Cardiovascular system|heart]] structure and function | * [[Cardiovascular system|heart]] structure and function | ||
* areas of activity within the brain, using a [[Functional magnetic resonance imaging|functional MRI]] | * areas of activity within the brain, using a [[Functional magnetic resonance imaging|functional MRI]] | ||
* blood flow through blood vessels and arteries<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/Radiation-EmittingProducts/RadiationEmittingProductsandProcedures/MedicalImaging/MRI/ucm482763.htm|title=MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) - Uses|last=Health Center for Devices and Radiological|first=|date=|website= | * blood flow through blood vessels and arteries<ref name="FDA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/Radiation-EmittingProducts/RadiationEmittingProductsandProcedures/MedicalImaging/MRI/ucm482763.htm | title = MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) - Uses|last = Health Center for Devices and Radiological|first = | date = | website = FDA |language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2018-10-12}}</ref> | ||
==ME/CFS MRI evidence== | ==ME/CFS MRI evidence== | ||
*Possible white matter abnormalities of unknown etiology are found on MRIs of some ME/CFS patients. These are identified by T2 hyperintensities, which might indicate lesions or Virchow-Robin spaces. | *Possible white matter abnormalities of unknown etiology are found on MRIs of some ME/CFS patients. These are identified by T2 hyperintensities, which might indicate lesions or Virchow-Robin spaces.<ref name="Natelson1993" /><ref name="Lange1999" /> | ||
[[File:White Matter Fig 2.jpg|alt=brain scans showing brain changes|thumb|464x464px|Progressive brain changes in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Shan et al. (2016).<ref>{{ | [[File:White Matter Fig 2.jpg|alt=brain scans showing brain changes|thumb|464x464px|Progressive brain changes in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Shan et al. (2016).<ref name="Shan2016"/>]]{{clear}} | ||
==Cost and availability== | ==Cost and availability== | ||
== Notable studies == | == Notable studies == | ||
* 1993, A controlled study of brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Natelson|first=B. H.|last2=Cohen|first2=J. M.|last3=Brassloff|first3=I.|last4=Lee|first4=H. J.|date=1993-12-15|title=A controlled study of brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8138812|journal=Journal of the Neurological Sciences|volume=120|issue=2|pages=213–217|doi=10.1016/0022-510x(93)90276-5|issn=0022-510X|pmid=8138812}}</ref> | * 1993, A controlled study of brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name="Natelson1993">{{Cite journal|last = Natelson | first = B.H. | last2 = Cohen | first2 = J.M. | last3 = Brassloff | first3 = I. | last4 = Lee | first4 = H.J. | date = 1993-12-15 | title = A controlled study of brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8138812|journal=Journal of the Neurological Sciences|volume=120|issue=2|pages=213–217|doi=10.1016/0022-510x(93)90276-5|issn=0022-510X|pmid=8138812}}</ref> | ||
* 1999, Brain MRI abnormalities exist in a subset of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lange|first=G.|last2=DeLuca|first2=J.|last3=Maldjian|first3=J. A.|last4=Lee|first4=H.|last5=Tiersky|first5=L. A.|last6=Natelson|first6=B. H.|date=1999-12-01|title=Brain MRI abnormalities exist in a subset of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10567042|journal=Journal of the Neurological Sciences|volume=171|issue=1|pages=3–7|doi=10.1016/s0022-510x(99)00243-9|issn=0022-510X|pmid=10567042}}</ref> | * 1999, Brain MRI abnormalities exist in a subset of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name="Lange1999">{{Cite journal|last = Lange | first = G. | last2 = DeLuca | first2 = J. | last3 = Maldjian | first3 = J.A. | last4 = Lee | first4 = H. | last5 = Tiersky | first5 = L.A. |last6 = Natelson | first6 = B.H. | date = 1999-12-01 | title = Brain MRI abnormalities exist in a subset of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10567042|journal=Journal of the Neurological Sciences|volume=171|issue=1 | pages = 3–7|doi=10.1016/s0022-510x(99)00243-9|issn=0022-510X|pmid=10567042}}</ref> | ||
*2016, Progressive Brain Changes in Patients With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Longitudinal MRI Study<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shan|first=Zack Y.| | *2016, Progressive Brain Changes in Patients With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Longitudinal MRI Study<ref name="Shan2016">{{Cite journal|last = Shan | first = Zack Y. | authorlink = Zack Shan | last2 = Kwiatek | first2 = Richard | authorlink2 = Richard Kwiatek | last3 = Burnet | first3 = Richard | authorlink3 = Richard Burnet | last4 = Fante | first4 = Peter Del | authorlink4 = Peter Del Fante | last5 = Staines | first5 = Donald R. | authorlink5 = Donald Staines | last6 = Marshall‐Gradisnik | first6 = Sonya M. | authorlink6 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last7 = Barnden | first7 = Leighton R. | date = 2016 | title=Progressive brain changes in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: A longitudinal MRI study|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jmri.25283|journal=Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging|language=en|volume=44|issue=5|pages=1301–1311|doi=10.1002/jmri.25283|issn=1522-2586|pmc=5111735|pmid=27123773|quote=|via=}}</ref> | ||
*2016, Autonomic correlations with MRI are abnormal in the brainstem vasomotor centre in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Barnden|first=Leighton R.| | *2016, Autonomic correlations with MRI are abnormal in the brainstem vasomotor centre in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal|last = Barnden | first = Leighton R. | authorlink = Leighton Barnden | last2 = Kwiatek | first2 = Richard | authorlink2 = Richard Kwiatek | last3 = Crouch | first3 = Benjamin | authorlink3 = Benjamin Crouch | last4 = Burnet | first4 = Richard | authorlink4 = Richard Burnet | last5 = Del Fante | first5 = Peter | authorlink5 = Peter Del Fante | date = 2016-01-01 | title = Autonomic correlations with MRI are abnormal in the brainstem vasomotor centre in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158216300584|journal=NeuroImage: Clinical|volume=11|issue= | pages = 530–537|doi=10.1016/j.nicl.2016.03.017|issn=2213-1582|quote=|via=}}</ref> | ||
*2017, Medial prefrontal cortex deficits correlate with unrefreshing sleep in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shan|first=Zack Y.| | *2017, Medial prefrontal cortex deficits correlate with unrefreshing sleep in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal|last = Shan | first = Zack Y. | authorlink = Zack Shan | last2 = Kwiatek | first2 = Richard | authorlink2 = Richard Kwiatek | last3 = Burnet | first3 = Richard | authorlink3 = Richard Burnet | last4 = Fante | first4 = Peter Del | authorlink4 = Peter Fante | last5 = Staines | first5 = Donald R. | authorlink5 = Donald Staines | last6 = Marshall‐Gradisnik | first6 = Sonya M. | authorlink6 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last7 = Barnden | first7 = Leighton R. | date = 2017 | title=Medial prefrontal cortex deficits correlate with unrefreshing sleep in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/nbm.3757|journal=NMR in Biomedicine|language=en|volume=30|issue=10| pages = e3757|doi=10.1002/nbm.3757|issn=1099-1492|quote=|via=}}</ref> | ||
*2018, Decreased Connectivity and Increased Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent Complexity in the Default Mode Network in Individuals with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shan|first=Zack Y.| | *2018, Decreased Connectivity and Increased Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent Complexity in the Default Mode Network in Individuals with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal|last = Shan | first = Zack Y. | authorlink = Zack Shan | last2 = Finegan | first2 = Kevin | authorlink2 = Kevin Finnegan | last3 = Bhuta | first3 = Sandeep | authorlink3 = Sandeep Bhuta | last4 = Ireland | first4 = Timothy | authorlink4 = Timothy Ireland | last5 = Staines | first5 = Donald R. | authorlink5 = Donald Staines | last6 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first6 = Sonya M. | authorlink6 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last7 = Barnden | first7 = Leighton R. | date = Feb 2018 | title = Decreased Connectivity and Increased Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent Complexity in the Default Mode Network in Individuals with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29152994|journal=Brain Connectivity|volume=8|issue=1 | pages = 33–39|doi=10.1089/brain.2017.0549|issn=2158-0022|pmid=29152994|quote=|via=}}</ref> | ||
*2018, Brain function characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome: A task fMRI study<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shan|first=Zack Y.| | *2018, Brain function characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome: A task fMRI study<ref>{{Cite journal|last = Shan | first = Zack Y. | authorlink = Zack Shan | last2 = Finegan | first2 = Kevin | authorlink2 = Kevin Finnegan | last3 = Bhuta | first3 = Sandeep | authorlink3 = Sandeep Bhuta | last4 = Ireland | first4 = Timothy | authorlink4 = Timothy Ireland | last5 = Staines | first5 = Donald R. | authorlink5 = Donald Staines | last6 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first6 = Sonya M. | authorlink6 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last7 = Barnden | first7 = Leighton R. | date = 2018-01-01 | title = Brain function characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome: A task fMRI study|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158218301347|journal=NeuroImage: Clinical|volume=19|issue=|pages=279–286|doi=10.1016/j.nicl.2018.04.025|issn=2213-1582|quote=|via= | authorlink7 = Leighton Barnden}}</ref> | ||
==Learn more== | ==Learn more== | ||
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*[https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html MRI scans] - MedlinePlus | *[https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html MRI scans] - MedlinePlus | ||
*[https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=headmr Head MRI] - Radiology info | *[https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=headmr Head MRI] - Radiology info | ||
*[https://radiologyassist.com/news/differences-between-3t-and-15t-machines/ Differences between 3 and 1.5T MRI machines] - Radiology Assist | |||
* [https://ezra.com/blog/3t-mri 3T MRI: What It Is and How It’s Different From Other MRIs] - Ezra blog | |||
* [https://www.mayoclinic.org/medical-professionals/neurology-neurosurgery/news/7-tesla-mri-pioneering-use-for-patient-care/mac-20449573 7-Tesla MRI: Pioneering use for patient care] - Mayo Clinic | |||
* [https://www.foxvalleyimaging.com/open-vs-closed-mri-machines-which-ones-provide-higher-quality-images Open Vs Closed MRI Machines – Which Ones Provide Higher Quality Images?] - Fox Valley Imaging | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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*[[fMRI]] | *[[fMRI]] | ||
*[[SPECT]] | *[[SPECT]] | ||
*[[Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | |||
[[Category:Medical tests]] | [[Category:Medical tests]] | ||
[[Category:Neurology]] | [[Category:Neurology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 02:04, October 22, 2023
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce images of thin slices of tissues. MRI scans can be used to image many different parts of the body, including the brain, joints, major organs and even the whole body.[1]
MRI scans can be used for many different purposes, e.g. to show:
- abnormalities of the brain and spinal cord
- abnormalities in various parts of the body such as breast, prostate, and liver
- joint injuries or abnormalities, for example a knee injury
- heart structure and function
- areas of activity within the brain, using a functional MRI
- blood flow through blood vessels and arteries[2]
ME/CFS MRI evidence[edit | edit source]
- Possible white matter abnormalities of unknown etiology are found on MRIs of some ME/CFS patients. These are identified by T2 hyperintensities, which might indicate lesions or Virchow-Robin spaces.[3][4]
Cost and availability[edit | edit source]
Notable studies[edit | edit source]
- 1993, A controlled study of brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome[3]
- 1999, Brain MRI abnormalities exist in a subset of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome[4]
- 2016, Progressive Brain Changes in Patients With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Longitudinal MRI Study[5]
- 2016, Autonomic correlations with MRI are abnormal in the brainstem vasomotor centre in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome[6]
- 2017, Medial prefrontal cortex deficits correlate with unrefreshing sleep in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome[7]
- 2018, Decreased Connectivity and Increased Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent Complexity in the Default Mode Network in Individuals with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome[8]
- 2018, Brain function characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome: A task fMRI study[9]
Learn more[edit | edit source]
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Merck Manual
- MRI scans - MedlinePlus
- Head MRI - Radiology info
- Differences between 3 and 1.5T MRI machines - Radiology Assist
- 7-Tesla MRI: Pioneering use for patient care - Mayo Clinic
- Open Vs Closed MRI Machines – Which Ones Provide Higher Quality Images? - Fox Valley Imaging
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Special Subjects - MSD Manual Professional Edition". MSD Manual Professional Edition. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
- ↑ Health Center for Devices and Radiological. "MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) - Uses". FDA. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Natelson, B.H.; Cohen, J.M.; Brassloff, I.; Lee, H.J. (December 15, 1993). "A controlled study of brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome". Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 120 (2): 213–217. doi:10.1016/0022-510x(93)90276-5. ISSN 0022-510X. PMID 8138812.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lange, G.; DeLuca, J.; Maldjian, J.A.; Lee, H.; Tiersky, L.A.; Natelson, B.H. (December 1, 1999). "Brain MRI abnormalities exist in a subset of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome". Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 171 (1): 3–7. doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(99)00243-9. ISSN 0022-510X. PMID 10567042.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Shan, Zack Y.; Kwiatek, Richard; Burnet, Richard; Fante, Peter Del; Staines, Donald R.; Marshall‐Gradisnik, Sonya M.; Barnden, Leighton R. (2016). "Progressive brain changes in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: A longitudinal MRI study". Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 44 (5): 1301–1311. doi:10.1002/jmri.25283. ISSN 1522-2586. PMC 5111735. PMID 27123773.
- ↑ Barnden, Leighton R.; Kwiatek, Richard; Crouch, Benjamin; Burnet, Richard; Del Fante, Peter (January 1, 2016). "Autonomic correlations with MRI are abnormal in the brainstem vasomotor centre in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". NeuroImage: Clinical. 11: 530–537. doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2016.03.017. ISSN 2213-1582.
- ↑ Shan, Zack Y.; Kwiatek, Richard; Burnet, Richard; Fante, Peter Del; Staines, Donald R.; Marshall‐Gradisnik, Sonya M.; Barnden, Leighton R. (2017). "Medial prefrontal cortex deficits correlate with unrefreshing sleep in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome". NMR in Biomedicine. 30 (10): e3757. doi:10.1002/nbm.3757. ISSN 1099-1492.
- ↑ Shan, Zack Y.; Finegan, Kevin; Bhuta, Sandeep; Ireland, Timothy; Staines, Donald R.; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya M.; Barnden, Leighton R. (February 2018). "Decreased Connectivity and Increased Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent Complexity in the Default Mode Network in Individuals with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". Brain Connectivity. 8 (1): 33–39. doi:10.1089/brain.2017.0549. ISSN 2158-0022. PMID 29152994.
- ↑ Shan, Zack Y.; Finegan, Kevin; Bhuta, Sandeep; Ireland, Timothy; Staines, Donald R.; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya M.; Barnden, Leighton R. (January 1, 2018). "Brain function characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome: A task fMRI study". NeuroImage: Clinical. 19: 279–286. doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2018.04.025. ISSN 2213-1582.
