Long COVID pathophysiology

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Long COVIDlong tail covidPost-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)post-acute COVID-19 and ongoing COVID are terms used to describe a group of long term health problems that are found in a significant minority of people who developed COVID-19 and remain ill a number of weeks or months later.

Overview[edit | edit source]

Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]

Infection and immunity[edit | edit source]

A range of antibodies have been found in patients with persistent post-acute COVID symptoms. Elevated G-protein coupled receptor autoantibodies have been found.[1] One study founded elevated antinuclear antibody (ANA) titles in 43.6% of long COVID patients twelve months after symptom onset.[2]

Neurological and neuropsychiatric[edit | edit source]

Cardiovascular[edit | edit source]

Pulmonary[edit | edit source]

Comparison to other conditions[edit | edit source]

Post-acute SARS[edit | edit source]

ME/CFS[edit | edit source]

POTS[edit | edit source]

MCAS[edit | edit source]

Alzheimer’s[edit | edit source]

Traumatic Brain Injury[edit | edit source]

Findings Long COVID Post-acute SARS ME/CFS POTS MCAS
G-protein coupled receptor autoantibodies β2- and α1-adrenoceptors, angiotensin II AT1-, muscarinic M2-, MAS-, nociceptin- and ETA-receptors M3 and M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, as well as ß2 adrenergic receptors α1, β1 and β2 adrenergic receptor autoantibodies

See also[edit | edit source]

Learn more[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. "Functional autoantibodies against G-protein coupled receptors in patients with persistent Long-COVID-19 symptoms". Journal of Translational Autoimmunity. 4: 100100. January 1, 2021. doi:10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100100. ISSN 2589-9090.
  2. Seeßle, Jessica; Waterboer, Tim; Hippchen, Theresa; Simon, Julia; Kirchner, Marietta; Lim, Adeline; Müller, Barbara; Merle, Uta (July 5, 2021). "Persistent symptoms in adult patients one year after COVID-19: a prospective cohort study". Clinical Infectious Diseases (ciab611). doi:10.1093/cid/ciab611. ISSN 1058-4838.