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List of herpesvirus infection studies
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==HHV-6 studies== HHV-6 is found in nearly 100% of adults (usually in a latent state).<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Ansari|first = Asad | last2 = Li | first2 = Shaobing | last3 = Abzug | first3 = Mark J. | last4 = Weinberg | first4 = Adriana | date = Aug 2004 | title = Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7 and Central Nervous System Infection in Children1|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3320425/|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=10|issue=8|pages=1450–1454|doi=10.3201/eid1008.030788|issn=1080-6040|pmc=3320425|pmid=15496247}}</ref> {| class="wikitable alternance" ! scope="col" style="width: 10px;" | ! scope="col" style="width: 270px;" | Study Title ! scope="col" style="width: 32px;" | Date ! scope="col" style="Xwidth: 200px;" | Details |- |<big class="green">'''+'''</big> |'''A chronic illness characterized by fatigue, neurologic and immunologic disorders, and active human herpesvirus type 6 infection''' Dedra Buchwald, Paul R Cheney, Daniel L Peterson, Berch Henry, Susan B Wormsley, Ann Geiger, Dharam V Ablashi, S Zaki Salahuddin, Carl Saxinger, Royce Biddle, Ron Kikinis, Ferenc A Jolesz, Thomas Folks, N Balachandran, James B Peter, Robert C Gallo, Anthony L Komaroff<ref name="Buchwald1996a">{{Cite journal|last = Buchwald | first = Dedra | last2 = Cheney | first2 = Paul R. | last3 = Peterson | first3 = Daniel L. | last4 = Henry | first4 = Berch | last5 = Wormsley | first5 = Susan B. | last6 = Geiger | first6 = Ann | last7 = Ablashi | first7 = Dharam V. | last8 = Salahuddin | first8 = S. Zaki | last9 = Saxinger | first9 = CArl | date = Jan 15, 1992 | title = A chronic illness characterized by fatigue, neurologic and immunologic disorders, and active human herpesvirus type 6 infection | url =https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1309285/|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=116|issue=2|pages=103–113|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-116-2-103|issn=0003-4819|pmid=1309285}}</ref> |1992 |This study reviewed patients in the Lake Tahoe area with a chronic debilitating illness of acute onset, a portion of which were regularly bedridden or shut-in. Using lymphocyte cell culture, DNA PCR, and monoclonal antibody assay, active HHV-6 replication was found in 79 of 113 (70%) patients and 8 of 40 (20%) controls. Despite limitations of this study involving a small geographic area and relatively moderate study size, the results may be seen as significant due to the extensive analysis, and investigative measures conducted. Measurements used in the study include [[Magnetic resonance imaging|Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)]], [[cerebrospinal fluid]] (CFS) analysis, standard lab testing, lymphocyte phenotyping, cell culture bioassay, and serologic testing. |- |<big class="green">'''+'''</big> |'''Prevalence of human herpesvirus 6 variants A and B in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome''' S Yalcin, H Kuratsune, K Yamaguchi, T Kitani, K Yamanishi <ref>{{Cite journal|last = Yalcin | first = S. | last2 = Kuratsune | first2 = H. | last3 = Yamaguchi | first3 = K. | last4 = Kitani | first4 = T. | last5 = Yamanishi | first5 = K. | date = 1994 | title = Prevalence of human herpesvirus 6 variants A and B in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7968694/|journal=Microbiology and Immunology|volume=38|issue=7 | pages = 587–590|doi=10.1111/j.1348-0421.1994.tb01827.x|issn=0385-5600|pmid=7968694}}</ref> |1994 |This study examined 13 cases of ME/CFS and 13 healthy controls. In the peripheral blood mononuclear cells, HHV-6 DNA was detected in 53% of the patients, but no HHV-6 DNA was detected in the controls. Higher antibody levels to the HHV-6 late antigen were found in patients, and antibodies to HHV-6 early antigen were more prevalent in patients. |- |<big class="green">'''+'''</big> |'''Human herpesvirus 6 and human herpesvirus 7 in chronic fatigue syndrome''' D Di Luca, M Zorzenon, P Mirandola, R Colle, G A Botta, E Cassai<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last = Luca | first = D. Di | last2 = Zorzenon | first2 = M. | last3 = Mirandola | first3 = P. | last4 = Colle | first4 = R. | last5 = Botta | first5 = G.A. |last6 = Cassai | first6 = E. | date = 1995-06-01 | title = Human herpesvirus 6 and human herpesvirus 7 in chronic fatigue syndrome.|url=https://jcm.asm.org/content/33/6/1660|journal=Journal of Clinical Microbiology|language=en|volume=33|issue=6|pages=1660–1661|issn=0095-1137|pmid=7650209}}</ref> |1995 |This study of CFS patients and healthy controls found the presence of either HHV-6A or HHV-6B DNA by PCR in 26 of 36 (44%) CFS patients and 7 of 24 (29%) controls; and found HHV-6A DNA in 8 of 36 (22%) patients and 1 of 24 (4%) controls. |- |<big class="green">'''+'''</big> |'''Prevalence of IgM antibodies to human herpesvirus 6 early antigen (p41/38) in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome''' M Patnaik, A L Komaroff, E Conley, E A Ojo-Amaize, J B Peter<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Patnaik|first = M. | last2 = Komaroff | first2 = A.L. | last3 = Conley | first3 = E. | last4 = Ojo-Amaize | first4 = E.A. | last5 = Peter | first5 = J.B. | date = Nov 1995 | title = Prevalence of IgM antibodies to human herpesvirus 6 early antigen (p41/38) in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7594679/|journal=The Journal of Infectious Diseases|volume=172|issue=5|pages=1364–1367|doi=10.1093/infdis/172.5.1364|issn=0022-1899|pmid=7594679}}</ref> |1995 |Fairly large study using 2 geographically separate groups of patients to evaluate the possible association of HHV-6 infection with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Methods involved prevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies against HHV-6 early antigen (EA), perhaps indicating active replication. Elevated HHV-6 EA-specific IgG or IgM antibody titers were found in 119 of 154 (77%) CFS patients and 20 of 165 (12%) controls. |- |<big class="green">'''+'''</big> |'''Viral serologies in patients with chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome''' Dedra Buchwald, Rhoda L. Ashley, Tsilke Pearlman, Phalla Kith, and Anthony L. Komaroff<ref name="Buchwald1996a" /> |1996 |Large study was performed on CFS patients and healthy control subjects to compare antibodies to various viruses. HHV-6 virus antibody IgG were ≥12,800 in 39 of 295 (13%) CFS patients and 2 of 30 (7%) controls. |- |<big class="red">'''−'''</big> |'''Human Herpesviruses in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome''' Howard L. Wallace, II, Benjamin Natelson, William Gause, John Hay<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last = Wallace | first = Howard L. | last2 = Natelson | first2 = Benjamin | last3 = Gause | first3 = William | last4 = Hay | first4 = John | date = Mar 1999 | title = Human Herpesviruses in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC95690/|journal=Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology|volume=6|issue=2|pages=216–223|issn=1071-412X|pmid=10066657}}</ref> |1999 |This study of civilian and Persian Gulf War veterans found HHV-6 DNA in the peripheral blood of 26 of 74 (35%) CFS patients and 19 of 71 (27%) controls. |- |<big class="red">'''−'''</big> |'''Human herpesviruses 6 and 7 in chronic fatigue syndrome: a case-control study''' W C Reeves, F R Stamey, J B Black, A C Mawle, J A Stewart, P E Pellett<ref name=":7" /> |2000 |Study on infection association of human herpesvirus (HHV) 6A, HHV-6B, or HHV-7 between ME/CFS patients and healthy controls. HHV-6 DNA was found in 3 of 26 (12%) patients and 15 of 50 (28%) controls. |- |<big class="green">'''+'''</big> |'''Frequent HHV-6 reactivation in multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients''' D V Ablashi, H B Eastman, C B Owen, M M Roman, J Friedman, J B Zabriskie, D L Peterson, G R Pearson, J E Whitman<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Ablashi|first = D.V. | last2 = Eastman | first2 = H.B. | last3 = Owen | first3 = C.B. | last4 = Roman | first4 = M.M. | last5 = Friedman | first5 = J. | last6 = Zabriskie | first6 = J.B. | last7 = Peterson | first7 = D.L. | last8 = Pearson | first8 = G.R. | last9 = Whitman | first9 = J.E. | date = May 2000 | title = Frequent HHV-6 reactivation in multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10738137/|journal=Journal of Clinical Virology: The Official Publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology|volume=16|issue=3|pages=179–191|doi=10.1016/s1386-6532(99)00079-7|issn=1386-6532|pmid=10738137}}</ref> |2000 |This study of 35 ME/CFS patients and 25 healthy controls found higher levels of HHV-6 Early Antigen (EA) IgM antibody in 54% of patients versus 8% of controls; and found EA IgG in 66% of patients versus 20% of controls. |- |<big class="green">'''+'''</big> |'''Multiple co-infections (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, human herpes virus-6) in blood of chronic fatigue syndrome patients: association with signs and symptoms''' G L Nicolson, R Gan, J Haier<ref>{{Cite journal|last = Nicolson | first = G.L. | last2 = Gan | first2 = R. | last3 = Haier | first3 = J. | date = May 2003 | title = Multiple co-infections (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, human herpes virus-6) in blood of chronic fatigue syndrome patients: association with signs and symptoms|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12887507/|journal=APMIS: acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica|volume=111|issue=5 | pages = 557–566|doi=10.1034/j.1600-0463.2003.1110504.x|issn=0903-4641|pmid=12887507}}</ref> |2003 |This fairly large study used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in an attempt to show evidence of active human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) infections, as well as [[Mycoplasma]] and [[Chlamydophila pneumoniae|Chlamydia Pneumoniae]] infections in CFS patients. HHV-6 DNA was detected in 61 of 200 (31%) CFS patients and 9 of 100 (9%) healthy controls. While none of the controls had co-infections, multiple co-infections found in CFS patients included multiple Mycoplasmal infections (22%), HHV-6 + Mycoplasma (16%), C. pneumoniae + Mycoplasma (4%), and C. pneumoniae + HHV-6 (2.5%). |- |<big class="red">'''−'''</big> |'''Detection of Herpesviruses and Parvovirus B19 in Gastric and Intestinal Mucosa of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients''' Marc Frémont, Kristine Metzger, Hamada Rady, Jan Hulstaert, Kenny De Meirleir<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal | last = Frémont | first = Marc | last2 = Metzger | first2 = Kristine | last3 = Rady | first3 = Hamada | last4 = Hulstaert | first4 = Jan | last5 = De Meirleir | first5 = Kenny | date = Mar 2009 | title = Detection of herpesviruses and parvovirus B19 in gastric and intestinal mucosa of chronic fatigue syndrome patients|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19414405/|journal=In Vivo (Athens, Greece)|volume=23|issue=2|pages=209–213|issn=0258-851X|pmid=19414405}}</ref> |2009 |A study to investigate the presence of HHV-6, HHV-7, EBV and parvovirus B19 in the gastro-intestinal tract of CFS patients found HHV-6 stomach biopsy DNA in 15 of 48 (31%) CFS patients and 10 of 35 (29%) controls. |- |<big class="green">'''+'''</big> |'''Association of Active Human Herpesvirus-6, -7 and Parvovirus B19 Infection with Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome''' Svetlana Chapenko, Angelika Krumina, Inara Logina, Santa Rasa, Maksims Chistjakovs, Alina Sultanova, Ludmila Viksna, Modra Murovska<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22927850/ | title = Association of Active Human Herpesvirus-6, -7 and Parvovirus B19 Infection with Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|last = Chapenko|first = Svetlana | last2 = Krumina | first2 = Angelika | date = 2012-08-13 | website = Advances in Virology|language=en|access-date=2020-08-20 | last3 = Logina | first3 = Inara | last4 = Rasa | first4 = Santa | last5 = Chistjakovs | first5 = Maksims | last6 = Sultanova | first6 = Alina | last7 = Viksna | first7 = Ludmila | last8 = Murovska | first8 = Modra | authorlink= | authorlink2 = |archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=}}</ref> |2012 |This study of 108 ME/CFS patients and 90 healthy controls found HHV-6 DNA in plasma samples of 16 of 108 (15%) ME/CFS patients and 0 of 90 (0%) healthy controls. Of the 16 HHV-6 positive CFS patients, 14 of 16 were co-infections with HHV-7 and/or Parvovirus B19, where only 2 of 16 were single HHV-6 infections.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindawi.com/journals/av/2012/205085/tab1/ | title = Table 1 {{!}} Association of Active Human Herpesvirus-6, -7 and Parvovirus B19 Infection with Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | website = hindawi.com|access-date=2020-08-20}}</ref> |- |<big class="green">'''+'''</big> |'''Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Gulf War Illness patients exhibit increased humoral responses to the Herpesviruses-encoded dUTPase: Implications in disease pathophysiology''' Peter Halpin, Marshall Vance Williams, Nancy G. Klimas, Mary Ann Fletcher, Zachary Barnes, Maria Eugenia Ariza<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last = Halpin | first = Peter | last2 = Williams | first2 = Marshall Vance | last3 = Klimas | first3 = Nancy G. | last4 = Fletcher | first4 = Mary Ann | last5 = Barnes | first5 = Zachary | last6 = Ariza | first6 = Maria Eugenia | date = Sep 2017 | title = Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Gulf War Illness patients exhibit increased humoral responses to the Herpesviruses-encoded dUTPase: Implications in disease pathophysiology|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5513753/|journal=Journal of medical virology|volume=89|issue=9|pages=1636–1645|doi=10.1002/jmv.24810|issn=0146-6615|pmc=5513753|pmid=28303641}}</ref> |2017 |A study surrounding the involvement of herpesvirus as a possible trigger for ME/CFS as well as the involvement of herpesvirus in the pathophysiology of Gulf War Illness (GWI) patients. A separate set of healthy controls were used for comparison and matched to ME/CFS and GWI cases by age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Antibodies against multiple human herpesviruses-encoded dUTPases were shown as being simultaneously produced in (30.91–52.7%) ME/CFS patients and (17.21%) of controls. HHV-6 dUTPase antibodies were present in 29 of 55 (53%) CFS patients and 45 of 151 (30%) controls. |- |<big class="green">'''+'''</big> |'''Cytomegalovirus, Epstein‐Barr virus, and human herpesvirus‐6 infections in patients with myalgic еncephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome''' Evelina Shikova, Valentina Reshkova, Аntoniya Kumanova, Sevdalina Raleva, Dora Alexandrova, Natasa Capo, Modra Murovska<ref name=":0" /> | 2020 | Study of 58 Bulgarian ME/CFS patients and 50 healthy controls found HHV-6 DNA in the plasma of 1 of 58 (1.7%) patients vs. 0 of 50 (0%) controls. |}
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