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Lactulose breath test
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== Procedure == The test is preceded by a 24-hour preparation period, which includes a limited diet and a period of fasting. Baseline gas levels are measured from the patients breath at the beginning of the test. In order to prevent results from being affected by food already in the digestive tract, the procedure continues only if the baseline gas levels are below a certain threshold. A small amount of Lactulose solution is consumed by the patient. The patient's breath is sampled periodically over the course of a few hours, typically every 15 to 30 minutes. The gas levels from each sample are measured and recorded, then typically plotted a on a line graph. SIBO may be indicated if one or both of the following criteria are met: * Gas level rises above a certain threshold within a certain timeframe. (The idea is that an early rise must be from bacteria in the small intestine, as food would not have reached the large intestine yet.) * Gas level plot shows a double peak. (The idea is that this indicates two clusters of bacteria - one in the small intestine, and one in the large intestine.) Test equipment may measure the concentration (in PPM) of hydrogen gas, methane gas, or both. Measuring the concentration of both gasses is ideal to ensure that both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria are detected. However, testing may be limited to measuring only hydrogen due to available equipment and/or cost considerations.
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