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=== Wind-up and temporal summation === Another method to test CS is to look at ‘temporal summation’, also called wind up. This refers to the process where neurons of the CNS respond to a repeated stimuli with an increased reactivity. If one quickly repeats a fixed noxious stimulus 10 times, then the last one will be experienced as more painful that the first. Researchers can measure the amount of ‘wind up’ of the neurons by looking at the difference between the first and the last stimulus. In chronic pain conditions like fibromyalgia, that difference is greater than in normal controls, suggesting these patients experience a heightened form of temporal summation. Nijs’ research group tested this procedure in 48 ME/CFS patients, but the results were ambiguous. There was only a difference in windup compared to control subjects if the pain stimuli were administered to the finger and not to the shoulder.<ref name="Polli, 2017" />
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