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Interleukin 17
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==Function == Though cytokines are immune-modulating agents, IL-17 was shown in one study to work like a neuro-modulator in mice with autism-like behavioral changes, having the paradoxical effects of increased risk of behavioral changes when exposed in-utero to maternal IL-17, but decreased behavioral abnormalities in adult mice.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Reed | first = Michael Douglas | last2 = Yim | first2 = Yeong Shin | last3 = Wimmer | first3 = RalfD. | last4 = Kim | first4 = Hyunju | last5 = Ryu | first5 = Changhyeon | last6 = Welch | first6 = Gwyneth Margaret | last7 = Andina | first7 = Matias | last8 = King | first8 = Hunter Oren | last9 = Waisman | first9 = Ari | date = 2019-12-18 | title = IL-17a promotes sociability in mouse models of neurodevelopmental disorders | url = https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1843-6|journal=Nature|language=en|pages=1–5|doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1843-6|issn=1476-4687}}</ref> The mechanism by which IL-17 seemed to create these changes was by affecting the brain region S1DZ, part of the somatosensory cortex that is likely responsible for sensing where the body is in space. In reference to IL-17's role in the brain, one researcher from the latter study said, “What’s fascinating about this communication is the immune system directly sends its messengers to the brain, where they work as if they are brain molecules, to change how the circuits work and how the behaviors are shaped.”<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://news.mit.edu/2019/explain-infections-fever-reduce-autism-1218 | title = Study may explain how infections reduce autism symptoms|website=MIT News|access-date=2020-01-07}}</ref> These findings may be significant to people with M.E. because they demonstrate the role of inflammation and immune-modulated cytokines on the [[central nervous system]] and behavior. Further studies have demonstrated the importance of IL-17 production in response to gut bacteria in the modulation of autism as well, which may also hold clues for those who suspect their M.E. symptoms to be due to [[neuroinflammation]] and/or the result of an infection.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Atladóttir | first = Hjördís Ósk | last2 = Thorsen | first2 = Poul | last3 = Schendel | first3 = Diana E. | last4 = Østergaard | first4 = Lars | last5 = Lemcke | first5 = Saane | last6 = Parner | first6 = Erik T. | date = 2010-05-03 | title = Association of Hospitalization for Infection in Childhood With Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Danish Cohort Study | url = https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/383197|journal=Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine|language=en|volume=164|issue=5 | pages = 470–477|doi=10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.9|issn=1072-4710}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/04/190409093725.htm | title = Autism symptoms reduced nearly 50 percent two years after fecal transplant|website=ScienceDaily|language=en|access-date=2020-01-07}}</ref>
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