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Iceland moss
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'''Cetraria islandica''' L. Ach or '''Lichen islandicus''' or '''Iceland moss''' or '''Iceland lichen''' is an edible moss used as a food supplement, and for making soaps and cold creams.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.britannica.com/science/Iceland-moss | title = Iceland moss {{!}} lichen | last = | first = | authorlink = | date = | website = Britannica|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2022-01-16}}</ref><ref name="WebMD">{{Cite web | url = https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-516/iceland-moss | title = Iceland Moss|website=WebMD |access-date=2022-01-16}}</ref> Iceland moss has been analysed and found to contain the compounds: *protolichesterinic acid *lichesterinic acid *protocetraric acid and *fumarprotocetraric acid<ref name="Igoli2014">{{Cite journal | title = Antitrypanosomal Activity & Docking Studies of Isolated Constituents from the Lichen Cetraria islandica: Possibly Multifunctional Scaffolds | date = 2014-04-01 | url = https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/ctmc/2014/00000014/00000008/art00006|journal=Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry|volume=14|issue=8|pages=1014–1021 | last = Ogbaji Igoli | first = John | last2 = Irvine Gray | first2 = Alexander | last3 = Jean Clements | first3 = Carol | last4 = Kantheti | first4 = Poorna | last5 = Kumar Singla | first5 = Rajeev}}</ref> Analysis suggests that these compounds may be active on the targets of [[trypanosoma brucei]], the parasite that causes [[African trypanosomiasis|African sleeping sickness]] - these targets are riboflavin kinase, sterol-14α-demethylase ([[CYP51]]), rohedsain and [[glutathione]] synthetase.<ref name="Igoli2014" /> ==Theory== ==Evidence== The [[European Medicines Agency]] has stated there is enough evidence for the use of Iceland moss for agent for treating mouth and throat irritation and associated dry cough, and for temporary [[anorexia (appetite loss)|loss of appetite]] in adults, adolescents and children aged over six years-old.<ref name="ema">https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/herbal/lichen-islandicus{{Cite web | url = https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/herbal/lichen-islandicus | title = Lichen islandicus | last = | first = | authorlink = | date = | website = European Medicines Agency|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2022-01-16}}</ref> Freysdottir et al (2008) found that Iceland Moss had anti-inflammatory properties and acted as an immunomodulator in rats and human cells.<ref name="Freysdottir2008">{{Cite journal | title = In vitro and in vivo immunomodulating effects of traditionally prepared extract and purified compounds from Cetraria islandica | date = Mar 2008 | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18279796/|journal=International Immunopharmacology|volume=8|issue=3 | pages = 423–430 | last = Freysdottir | first = J. | authorlink = | last2 = Omarsdottir | first2 = S. | authorlink2 = | last3 = Ingólfsdóttir | first3 = K. | authorlink3 = | last4 = Vikingsson | first4 = A. | authorlink4 = | last5 = Olafsdottir | first5 = E.S. | authorlink5 = |doi=10.1016/j.intimp.2007.11.007|pmc=|pmid=18279796|access-date=|issn=1567-5769|quote=|via=}}</ref> It may also have antioxidant effects.<ref name="Gulcin2002">{{Cite journal | title = Determination of antioxidant activity of lichen Cetraria islandica (L) Ach | date = 2002-03-01 | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874101003968|journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology|volume=79|issue=3 | pages = 325–329 | last = Gülçin | first = İlhami | last2 = Oktay | first2 = Münir | last3 = Küfrevioğlu | first3 = Ö. İrfan | last4 = Aslan | first4 = Ali|language=en|doi=10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00396-8|issn=0378-8741}}</ref> ==Clinicians== ==Risks and safety== ==Costs and availability== It is available in powdered form as a supplement. ==See also== ==Learn more== *[https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-516/iceland-moss Iceland Moss] - WebMD *[https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/herbal/lichen-islandicus European Medicines Agency] ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Potential treatments]] [[Category:Alternative medicine]] [[Category:Analgesics]] [[Category:Anti-inflammatories]] [[Category:Antioxidants]] [[Category:Flavonoids]] [[Category:Herbs]] [[Category:Immunomodulators]] [[Category:Medicinal foods]] [[Category:Supplements]]
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