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Hormesis
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[[File:Hormesis Dose Response.png|thumb|Hormesis Dose Response Graph]] Hormesis is the dynamic where exposure to a low-dose or short-term exposure induces a beneficial physiological response. Examples of hormetic stressors include [[exercise]], [[fasting]], oxidative stress, [[caloric restriction]], [[cryotherapy|cold]], radiation, and [[thermotherapy|heat]]. Hormetic stressors exert different effects but many activate common or similar pathways. For example, exercise, fasting, and cold and heat exposure all induce the expression of [[heat shock protein]]s. == Benefits == When the human body is activated by environmental stressors, it enters a state of [[hormesis]]. A 2008 study found that hormesis causes mitochondrial biogenesis.<ref name="Sano2008">{{Cite journal | last = Sano | first = Fukuda | last2 = Motoaki | first2 = Keiichi | date = November 2008 | title = Activation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis by Hormesis | url = http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/103/11/1191.full|journal=Circulation Research|volume=103|pages=|via=}}</ref> Patients with ME/CFS have been show to have reduced mitochondrial function, so this is why thermotherapy or [[cryotherapy]] may be beneficial. ==ME/CFS== [[Robert Naviaux]] found subjects with [[ME/CFS]] exhibited the opposite metabolic and [[phospholipid]] profile to that found in acute [[Cell danger response hypothesis|cell danger response]], perhaps in response to a chronic cell danger signaling, such as a chronic infection. It is unclear what role, then, hormesis might play in patients with ME/CFS.<ref name="Naviaux2016">{{Cite journal | last = Naviaux | first = Robert | date = 2016 | title=Metabolic features of chronic fatigue syndrome | url = http://www.pnas.org/content/113/37/E5472|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=113|issue=37| pages = E5472-E5480|via=}}</ref> Many patients as a function of the disease have a diminished ability to respond to hormetic challenges such as exercise, cold or heat. At the same time, some patients report improvement with [[intermittent fasting]] or [[sauna]] therapy. Jamie Deckoff-Jones, MD has found success with normobaric oxygen therapy in patients with ME/CFS. She observed that periodic treatment was significantly more effective than continuous. This observation can be attributed to the benefit of allowing cells to repair via hormesis.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.greenmedinfo.com/blog/most-overlooked-effective-prescription-drug-1 | title = The Most Overlooked, Effective Prescription Drug | last = Deckoff-Jones, MD | first = Jamie | date = |website=GreenMedInfo|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=}}</ref> ==See also== *[[Cryotherapy]] *[[Thermotherapy]] *[[Heat shock protein]] *[[Cold shock protein]] ==Learn more== ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Potential treatments]]
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