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History of myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome
(section)
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== XMRV study (2009)== A 2009 study published in the journal ''Science'' reported an association between a retrovirus [[xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus]] (XMRV) and CFS. The editors of ''Science'' subsequently attached an "Editorial Expression of Concern" to the report to the effect that the validity of the study "''is now seriously in question,"''<ref name="Concern2011">{{cite journal | last = Alberts | first = Bruce | date = 2011 | title=Editorial Expression of Concern|journal=Science|volume=333|issue=6038 | pages = 35|bibcode=|doi=10.1126/science.1208542 | url = http://science.sciencemag.org/content/333/6038/35.1|pmid=21628391|quote=|via=}}</ref> and in September 2011, the authors published a "Partial Retraction" of their 2009 findings;<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Mikovits | first = Judy A. | authorlink = Judy Mikovits | last2 = Dean | first2 = Michael | authorlink2 = | last3 = Gold | first3 = Bert | authorlink3 = | last4 = Petrow-Sadowski | first4 = Cari | authorlink4 = | last5 = Bagni | first5 = Rachel K. | authorlink5 = | last6 = Ruscetti | first6 = Sandra K. | last7 = Peterson | first7 = Daniel L. | authorlink7 = Daniel Peterson | last8 = Hagen | first8 = Kathryn S. | last9 = Pfost | first9 = Max A. | date = 2011-10-14 | title = Partial Retraction | url = http://science.sciencemag.org/content/334/6053/176.1|journal=Science|language=en|volume=334|issue=6053|pages=176β176|doi=10.1126/science.1212182|issn=1095-9203|pmid=21998366|quote=|via=}}</ref> this was followed by a full retraction by the magazine's Editor in Chief, after the authors failed to agree on a full retraction statement.<ref name="Retraction2011">{{cite journal | last = Alberts | date = 2011 | title = Retraction |journal=Science|volume=334|issue=6063|pages=1636|doi=10.1126/science.334.6063.1636-a|pmid=22194552 | url = http://science.sciencemag.org/content/334/6063/1636.1 | first = Bruce|quote=|via=}}</ref> Also in September 2011, the Blood XMRV Scientific Research Working Group published a report, which concluded ''"that currently available XMRV/P-MLV assays, including the assays employed by the three participating laboratories that previously reported positive results on samples from CFS patients and controls, cannot reproducibly detect direct virus markers (RNA, DNA, or culture) or specific antibodies in blood samples from subjects previously characterized as XMRV/P-MLV positive (all but one with a diagnosis of CFS) or healthy blood donors."''<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Simmons | first = Graham | last2 = Glynn | first2 = Simone A. | last3 = Komaroff | first3 = Anthony L. | authorlink3 = Anthony Komaroff | last4 = Mikovits | first4 = Judy A. | authorlink4 = Judy Mikovits | last5 = Tobler | first5 = Leslie H. | last6 = Hackett | first6 = John | last7 = Tang | first7 = Ning | last8 = Switzer | first8 = William M. | last9 = Heneine | first9 = Walid | date = 2011-11-11 | title = Failure to Confirm XMRV/MLVs in the Blood of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Multi-Laboratory Study | url = http://science.sciencemag.org/content/334/6057/814|journal=Science|language=en|volume=334|issue=6057 | pages = 814β817|doi=10.1126/science.1213841|issn=0036-8075|pmc=3299483|pmid=21940862|via=}}</ref> In December 2011, the ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'' published a similar retraction for an August 2010 paper.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = National Academy of Sciences | first = | authorlink = | date = 2012-01-03 | title = Retraction for Lo et al., Detection of MLV-related virus gene sequences in blood of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and healthy blood donors | url = https://www.pnas.org/content/109/1/346|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=109|issue=1 | pages = 346β346|doi=10.1073/pnas.1119641109|issn=1091-6490|pmc=3252929|pmid=22203980|quote=|via=}}</ref> Some members of the patient community, who had viewed the XMRV findings as a source of hope for a possible cure, initially reacted negatively when the papers were called into question. One UK researcher reported verbal abuse after publishing an early paper indicating that the XMRV studies were flawed.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.theguardian.com/society/2011/aug/21/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-myalgic-encephalomyelitis | title = Chronic fatigue syndrome researchers face death threats from militants | date = 2011-08-21|access-date=2014-02-02|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref>
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