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Grabb-Oakes measurement
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== Epidemiology == As compared to the [[clivo-axial angle]], there has been less work done to establish the average Grabb-Oakes measurement in the general population or in various patient cohorts. === Pediatrics === In Grabb et al.βs pediatric study, healthy control participants (n=12) had an average Grabb-Oakes measurement of 3.1mm, while the average for those with Chiari Malformations (n=40) was 7.0mm.<ref name=":0" /> === Adults === A study of the Grabb-Oakes measurement in 125 healthy adults found a mean of 6.5 Β± 2.1mm, range of 0β11.2mm. The authors argue that normal ranges for adults are probably higher than those established in pediatric patients, and that the pediatric literature should not be used for establishing surgical values in adults.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Shah | first = Lubdha M. | last2 = Bisson | first2 = Erica F. | last3 = Besachio | first3 = David A. | last4 = Khaleel | first4 = Ziyad L. | date = 2014-02-01 | title = Estimation of odontoid process posterior inclination, odontoid height, and pBβC2 line in the adult population: Clinical article| url = https://thejns.org/view/journals/j-neurosurg-spine/20/2/article-p172.xml|journal=Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine|language=en-US|volume=20|issue=2 | pages = 172β177|doi=10.3171/2013.10.SPINE13405}}</ref> However, another study of 100 asymptomatic adults found a similar mean, 6.7 Β± 1.0mm, range of 4.2β10.2mm. Only one person in this study had a Grabb-Oakes measurement greater than 9mm,<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Tedeschi | first = Helder | last2 = Ghizoni | first2 = Enrico | last3 = Mathias | first3 = Roger N. | last4 = Fernandes | first4 = Yvens B. | last5 = Joaquim | first5 = Andrei F. | last6 = Batista | first6 = Ulysses C. | date = 2015-04-01 | title = Computed tomography evaluation of the normal craniocervical junction craniometry in 100 asymptomatic patients| url = https://thejns.org/view/journals/neurosurg-focus/38/4/article-pE5.xml|journal=Neurosurgical Focus|language=en-US|volume=38|issue=4| pages = E5|doi=10.3171/2015.1.FOCUS14642|issn=1092-0684}}</ref> the common pathological cutoff, suggesting a Grabb-Oakes measurement greater than 9mm is quite rare in the general population.
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