Glossary

From MEpedia, a crowd-sourced encyclopedia of ME and CFS science and history
Revision as of 22:43, November 12, 2019 by Pyrrhus (talk | contribs) (→‎S: c/e)

A glossary of key ME/CFS-related terms.

A

accuracy
Accurate
accurate





Accuracy
Accuracy The "closeness of an observation to the true clinical state". With respect to diagnostic tests, "accuracy" means how specific and sensitive the test is.
  • Accuracy

The "closeness of an observation to the true clinical state".[1] With respect to diagnostic tests, "accuracy" means how specific and sensitive the test is. [2]

Adverse reactions
adverse reaction
adverse reactions
side effect
side effects
Side effect
Side effects



Adverse reaction
Adverse reaction Any unintended or unwanted response to the treatment under investigation in a clinical trial.
  • Adverse reaction

Any unintended or unwanted response to the treatment under investigation in a clinical trial.[3]


antibody
Antibodies
antibodies
Immunoglobulin
immunoglobulin
Immunoglobulins
immunoglobulins



Antibody
Antibody Antibodies or immunoglobulin refers to any of a large number of specific proteins produced by B cells that act against an antigen in an immune response.
  • Antibody

Antibodies or immunoglobulin refers to any of a large number of specific proteins produced by B cells that act against an antigen in an immune response.[4]


B

B cells
B-cell
B lymphocyte
B lymphocytes
B-cells




B cell
B cell B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.
  • B cell

B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.


bias
Biased
biased





Bias
Bias Bias in research is "a systematic deviation of an observation from the true clinical state".
  • Bias

Bias in research is "a systematic deviation of an observation from the true clinical state".[1]


BPS model
BPS Model
biopsychosocial model
biopsychosocial
Biopsychosocial
Biopsychosocial Model



BPS
Biopsychosocial model
Biopsychosocial model (BPS) - A school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes. (Learn more: en.wikipedia.org)
  • Biopsychosocial model

(BPS) - A school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes. (Learn more: en.wikipedia.org)


bradycardia






Bradycardia
Bradycardia A slowness of the heartbeat, so that the pulse rate is less than 60 per minute in an adult.
  • Bradycardia

A slowness of the heartbeat, so that the pulse rate is less than 60 per minute in an adult.[5]


C

Canadian Consensus Criteria





CCC
Canadian consensus criteria
Canadian consensus criteria (CCC) - A set of diagnostic criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS, developed by a group of practicing ME/CFS clinicians in 2003. The CCC is often considered to be the most complex criteria, but possibly the most accurate, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the International Consensus Criteria (ICC) in 2011.
  • Canadian consensus criteria

(CCC) - A set of diagnostic criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS, developed by a group of practicing ME/CFS clinicians in 2003. The CCC is often considered to be the most complex criteria, but possibly the most accurate, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the International Consensus Criteria (ICC) in 2011. [6]

cell membrane
Cell membranes
cell membranes
Plasma membrane
plasma membrane
Plasma membranes
plasma membranes



Cell membrane
Cell membrane A very thin membrane, composed of lipids and protein, that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell and controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell.
  • Cell membrane

A very thin membrane, composed of lipids and protein, that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell and controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell.[7]


chronic fatigue





CF
Chronic fatigue
Chronic fatigue (CF) - Persistent and abnormal fatigue is a symptom, not an illness. It may be caused by depression, multiple sclerosis, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome or many other illnesses. The term "chronic fatigue" should never be confused with the disease chronic fatigue syndrome.
  • Chronic fatigue

(CF) - Persistent and abnormal fatigue is a symptom, not an illness. It may be caused by depression, multiple sclerosis, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome or many other illnesses. The term "chronic fatigue" should never be confused with the disease chronic fatigue syndrome.[8]


Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the Fukuda Criteria or the Oxford definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee
chronic fatigue syndrome advisory committee





CFSAC
Chronic fatigue syndrome advisory committee
Chronic fatigue syndrome advisory committee (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) A US government advisory council that met twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually lasted for two days and the results were presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS). After 15 years, on September 5, 2018, CFSAC's charter was not renewed by the Department of HHS, effectively dissolving the committee without notice or warning.
  • Chronic fatigue syndrome advisory committee

(CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) A US government advisory council that met twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually lasted for two days and the results were presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS). After 15 years, on September 5, 2018, CFSAC's charter was not renewed by the Department of HHS, effectively dissolving the committee without notice or warning. [9]

cognition
Cognitive
cognitive
Cognitions
cognitions




Cognition
Cognition Thought processes, including attention, reasoning, and memory.
  • Cognition

Thought processes, including attention, reasoning, and memory.


Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
cognitive behavioral therapy
Cognitive behavioural therapy
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
cognitive behavioural therapy



CBT
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying alleged unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE trial.
  • Cognitive behavioral therapy

(CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying alleged unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE trial.


conversion disorder
Conversion Disorder
conversion disorders
Conversion Disorders
Conversion disorders




Conversion disorder
Conversion disorder A psychiatric term to describe an alleged condition whereby a person's thoughts somehow cause physical symptoms. The actual existence of such a condition is highly controversial, due to a lack of scientific evidence. It is related to other psychiatric terms, such as "neurasthenia" and "hysteria". A more modern term is "Somatic Symptom Disorder".
  • Conversion disorder

A psychiatric term to describe an alleged condition whereby a person's thoughts somehow cause physical symptoms. The actual existence of such a condition is highly controversial, due to a lack of scientific evidence. It is related to other psychiatric terms, such as "neurasthenia" and "hysteria". A more modern term is "Somatic Symptom Disorder". [10]

D

E

endogenous






Endogenous
Endogenous Growing or originating from within an organism.
  • Endogenous

Growing or originating from within an organism.[11]


energy envelope theory - the theory that a person with ME has a limited amount of energy to use each day without causing an exacerbation of symptoms or inducing PEM. This "energy envelope" will vary from day to day and from person to person. See also pacing with a heart rate monitor

enterovirus - a genus of RNA viruses which typically enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract and can sometimes spread to the central nervous system or other parts of the body. Enteroviruses include those which cause polio and coxsackievirus.

F






Fukuda criteria
Fukuda criteria The most commonly used diagnostic criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome, created by the United States Centers for Disease Control (CDC).
  • Fukuda criteria

The most commonly used diagnostic criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome, created by the United States Centers for Disease Control (CDC).[12]


G

Graded Exercise Therapy
graded exercise therapy





GET
Graded exercise therapy
Graded exercise therapy (GET) - A gradual increase in exercise or activity, according to a pre-defined plan. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.
  • Graded exercise therapy

(GET) - A gradual increase in exercise or activity, according to a pre-defined plan. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.[13]


H

HLA complex (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"

heart rate monitor (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also pacing with a heart rate monitor.

heart rate variability (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also pacing with a heart rate monitor.

I

iatrogenesis
Iatrogenic
iatrogenic





Iatrogenesis
Iatrogenesis Accidental harm caused by a doctor, by medical treatment, or by diagnostic procedures.
  • Iatrogenesis

Accidental harm caused by a doctor, by medical treatment, or by diagnostic procedures.[14]


ICD - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

IOM - Institute of Medicine, (National Academy of Medicine (NAM) as of June 2015) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health.

Institute of Medicine report - or IOM Report, was published by the Institute of Medicine on February 10 2015. The report Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness proposed the name Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease (SEID). Among its key findings were that "This disease is characterized by profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, autonomic manifestations, pain, and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion of any sort." — "Between 836,000 and 2.5 million Americans suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome."

International Consensus Criteria

invisible illness - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME/CFS, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

J

K

L

M

magnetic levitation device - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis' team at Stanford University. See also OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development

mass spectrometer - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.






ME/CFS
ME/CFS An acronym that combines myalgic encephalomyelitis with chronic fatigue syndrome. Sometimes they are combined because people have trouble distinguishing one from the other. Sometimes they are combined because people see them as synonyms of each other.
  • ME/CFS

An acronym that combines myalgic encephalomyelitis with chronic fatigue syndrome. Sometimes they are combined because people have trouble distinguishing one from the other. Sometimes they are combined because people see them as synonyms of each other.


medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) - technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms. However, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused category by those in the medical profession.

medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) - see medically unexplained physical symptoms

metabolic trap hypothesis - hypothesis proposed by Dr. Robert Phair. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded ME/CFS Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in people with ME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

metabolite - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

metabolomics - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

microbiome - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

Millions Missing - a global campaign, first led by #MEAction in May 2016, which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment equality for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also #MillionsMissing on Twitter.

mitochondria - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

myalgia






Myalgia
Myalgia Muscle pain.
  • Myalgia

Muscle pain.


Myalgic Encephalomyelitis
myalgic encephalomyelitis
Myalgic encephalopathy
Myalgic Encephalopathy
myalgic encephalopathy
M.E.



ME
Myalgic encephalomyelitis
Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) - A disease often marked by neurological symptoms, but fatigue is sometimes a symptom as well. Some diagnostic criteria distinguish it from chronic fatigue syndrome, while other diagnostic criteria consider it to be a synonym for chronic fatigue syndrome. A defining characteristic of ME is post-exertional malaise (PEM), or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which is a notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small exertions. PEM can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain (myalgia), trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. An estimated 25% of those suffering from ME are housebound or bedbound. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ME as a neurological disease.
  • Myalgic encephalomyelitis

(ME) - A disease often marked by neurological symptoms, but fatigue is sometimes a symptom as well. Some diagnostic criteria distinguish it from chronic fatigue syndrome, while other diagnostic criteria consider it to be a synonym for chronic fatigue syndrome.[15] A defining characteristic of ME is post-exertional malaise (PEM), or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which is a notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small exertions. PEM can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain (myalgia), trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. An estimated 25% of those suffering from ME are housebound or bedbound. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ME as a neurological disease.[16]







Myalgic encephalopathy
Myalgic encephalopathy An alternate term that is sometimes used for myalgic encephalomyelitis, by people who believe the evidence for inflammation in ME is insufficient. This terminology reflects the belief that the "-itis" suffix implies inflammation.
  • Myalgic encephalopathy

An alternate term that is sometimes used for myalgic encephalomyelitis, by people who believe the evidence for inflammation in ME is insufficient. This terminology reflects the belief that the "-itis" suffix implies inflammation.


N

NASA 10-minute lean test - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for orthostatic intolerance. A simple test which is recommended by the Bateman Horne Center for ME and Fibromyalgia patients. Instructions for medical providers Instructions for patients

nanoneedle - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis' team at Standford University. See also OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development

NICE Guidelines
NICE guideline
NICE Guideline





NICE guidelines
NICE guidelines Clinical guidelines used in the UK.
  • NICE guidelines

Clinical guidelines used in the UK.[17]


O

orthostatic intolerance (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to dysautonomia

Oxford criteria

P

PACE trial - a controversial study which claims that CBT and GET are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

pacing - the practice of staying within one's "energy envelope" by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use pacing with a heart rate monitor as an objective measure of exertion.

pharyngitis






Pharyngitis
Pharyngitis An irritation or swelling of the top part of the throat, at the back of the mouth, usually caused by an infection such as Streptococcus. The hallmark symptom is a sore throat without cough.
  • Pharyngitis

An irritation or swelling of the top part of the throat, at the back of the mouth, usually caused by an infection such as Streptococcus. The hallmark symptom is a sore throat without cough.[18][19]


Phase 3
Phase III
phase three
phase 3
phase III




Phase three
Phase three Last phase of clinical trials before a drug can be approved for public use. Whereas Phase one assesses basic safety, and Phase two assesses basic efficacy, Phase three uses many trial participants to fully assess both safety and efficacy.
  • Phase three

Last phase of clinical trials before a drug can be approved for public use. Whereas Phase one assesses basic safety, and Phase two assesses basic efficacy, Phase three uses many trial participants to fully assess both safety and efficacy.[20]


post-exertional malaise
Post-exertional Malaise
Post exertional malaise
post exertional malaise
Post Exertional Malaise
Postexertional malaise
postexertional malaise
Postexertional Malaise


PEM
Post-exertional malaise
Post-exertional malaise (PEM) - A notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small physical or cognitive exertions. PEM can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain (myalgia), trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others.
  • Post-exertional malaise

(PEM) - A notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small physical or cognitive exertions. PEM can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain (myalgia), trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others.


post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion
Post-exertional Neuroimmune Exhaustion
Postexertional neuroimmune exhaustion
postexertional neuroimmune exhaustion
Postexertional Neuroimmune Exhaustion
Post exertional neuroimmune exhaustion
post exertional neuroimmune exhaustion
Post Exertional Neuroimmune Exhaustion


PENE
Post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion
Post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE) - An alternative term for post-exertional malaise (PEM), used by people who find that the word 'malaise' fails to capture the serious nature of the condition.
  • Post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion

(PENE) - An alternative term for post-exertional malaise (PEM), used by people who find that the word 'malaise' fails to capture the serious nature of the condition.


postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome





POTS
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) - A form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).
  • Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome

(POTS) - A form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

PWME
PwME's
PwMEs
pwme




PwME
PwME Acronym for a "Person with ME" (myalgic encephalomyelitis).
  • PwME

Acronym for a "Person with ME" (myalgic encephalomyelitis).


Q

R

Ramsay definition - Melvin Ramsay's definition of ME

randomized controlled trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
Randomized controlled trials
randomized controlled trials
Randomized Controlled Trials
Randomised controlled trial
randomised controlled trial
Randomised Controlled Trial


RCT
Randomized controlled trial
Randomized controlled trial (RCT) - A trial in which participants are randomly assigned to two groups, with one group receiving the treatment being studied and a control or comparison group receiving a sham treatment, placebo, or comparison treatment. (A glossary of EBM terms, BMJ).
  • Randomized controlled trial

(RCT) - A trial in which participants are randomly assigned to two groups, with one group receiving the treatment being studied and a control or comparison group receiving a sham treatment, placebo, or comparison treatment. (A glossary of EBM terms, BMJ).

S

Seahorse analyzer - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ronald Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

SF-36 (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

single nucleotide polymorphism
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
Single nucleotide polymorphisms
single nucleotide polymorphisms
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
Single nucleotide variant
single nucleotide variant
Single Nucleotide Variant
SNV
single nucleotide variants
SNP
Single nucleotide polymorphism
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) - A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, pronounced "snip") is a potential genetic mutation that occurs in a single spot in the human genome; a difference in a single DNA building block. SNPs are often represented by an "rs" number, such as "rs53576".
  • Single nucleotide polymorphism

(SNP) - A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, pronounced "snip") is a potential genetic mutation that occurs in a single spot in the human genome; a difference in a single DNA building block.[21][22] SNPs are often represented by an "rs" number, such as "rs53576".[23]

somatic - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm. Easily confused with "somatoform" or "psychosomatic".

somatoform disorder - a mental health disorder in which a patient experiences symptoms which can not be explained by current medical knowledge. Symptoms are considered real, even though the cause is never found and is assumed to be psychological. Patients who disagree with the psychological diagnosis of somatoform disorder and the lack of further investigation into their symptoms are often met with skepticism or even disdain by the medical community.

Spoon Theory - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also "The Spoon Theory"


Spoon Theory
spoon theory





Spoon theory
Spoon theory An analogy which equates the amount of ability that someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons.
  • Spoon theory

An analogy which equates the amount of ability that someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons.


[24]

spoonie - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also Spoon Theory

stress fracture
Stress Fracture
Stress fractures
stress fractures
Stress Fractures




Stress fracture
Stress fracture A tiny crack in a bone caused by repetitive forces such as running or by normal use of a bone that's weakened by a condition such as osteoporosis.
  • Stress fracture

A tiny crack in a bone caused by repetitive forces such as running or by normal use of a bone that's weakened by a condition such as osteoporosis.[25]


systemic exertion intolerance disease
Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease





SEID
Systemic exertion intolerance disease
Systemic exertion intolerance disease (SEID) - A term for ME/CFS that aims to avoid the stigma associated with the term "chronic fatigue syndrome", while emphasizing the defining characteristic of post-exertional malaise (PEM). SEID was defined as part of the diagnostic criteria put together by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report of 10 February 2015.
  • Systemic exertion intolerance disease

(SEID) - A term for ME/CFS that aims to avoid the stigma associated with the term "chronic fatigue syndrome", while emphasizing the defining characteristic of post-exertional malaise (PEM). SEID was defined as part of the diagnostic criteria put together by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report of 10 February 2015.[26]


T

T cell - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video

tachycardia






Tachycardia
Tachycardia An unusually rapid heart beat. Can be caused by exercise or illness. A symptom of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). (Learn more: www.heart.org)
  • Tachycardia

An unusually rapid heart beat. Can be caused by exercise or illness. A symptom of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS).[27] (Learn more: www.heart.org)


two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test

tilt table test

U

V

vO2 Max - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test

W

World health organization





WHO
World Health Organization
World Health Organization (WHO) - "A specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations." The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is maintained by WHO.
  • World Health Organization

(WHO) - "A specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations."[28] The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is maintained by WHO.[29]


X

Y

Z

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Sackett, David; Haynes, R. Brian; Tugwell, Peter (1985). Clinical epidemiology : a basic science for clinical medicine (1st ed.). Boston: Little, Brown. p. 30. ISBN 0316765953. OCLC 11703862.
  2. Zhu; Zeng; Wang. "Sensitivity, Specificity, Accuracy, Associated Confidence Interval and ROC Analysis with Practical SAS® Implementations" (PDF). Lex Jansen. Retrieved November 12, 2019. Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  3. "Glossary". Health Research Authority. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
  4. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/antibody
  5. "Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition". thefreedictionary. 2003. Retrieved April 18, 2019. Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  6. Carruthers; et al. (2003). "Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Clinical Working Case Definition, Diagnostic and Treatment Protocols" (PDF). Invest in ME. Retrieved November 12, 2019. Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help); Explicit use of et al. in: |last= (help)
  7. "Cell membrane definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary". www.collinsdictionary.com. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
  8. Carruthers, Bruce M.; van de Sande, Marjorie I.; De Meirleir, Kenny L.; Klimas, Nancy G.; Broderick, Gordon; Mitchell, Terry; Staines, Donald; Powles, A. C. Peter; Speight, Nigel; Vallings, Rosamund; Bateman, Lucinda; Baumgarten-Austrheim, Barbara; Bell, David; Carlo-Stella, Nicoletta; Chia, John; Darragh, Austin; Jo, Daehyun; Lewis, Donald; Light, Alan; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya; Mena, Ismael; Mikovits, Judy; Miwa, Kunihisa; Murovska, Modra; Pall, Martin; Stevens, Staci (August 22, 2011). "Myalgic encephalomyelitis: International Consensus Criteria". Journal of Internal Medicine. 270 (4): 327–338. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02428.x. ISSN 0954-6820. PMC 3427890. PMID 21777306.
  9. "HHS Secretary Kills CFSAC!". #MEAction. September 7, 2018. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
  10. "Bad News: DSM 5 Refuses to Correct Somatic Symptom Disorder". Psychology Today. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
  11. "Endogenous | Definition of Endogenous by Lexico". Lexico Dictionaries | English. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
  12. Fukuda, K.; Straus, S. E.; Hickie, I.; Sharpe, M. C.; Dobbins, J. G.; Komaroff, A. (December 15, 1994). "The chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive approach to its definition and study. International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group" (PDF). Annals of Internal Medicine. American College of Physicians. 121 (12): 953–959. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00009. ISSN 0003-4819. PMID 7978722.
  13. White, PD; Goldsmith, KA; Johnson, AL; Potts, L; Walwyn, R; DeCesare, JC; Baber, HL; Burgess, M; Clark, LV; Cox, DL; Bavinton, J; Angus, BJ; Murphy, G; Murphy, M; O'Dowd, H; Wilks, D; McCrone, P; Chalder, T; Sharpe, M; The PACE Trial Management Group (March 5, 2011). "Comparison of adaptive pacing therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, graded exercise therapy, and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome (PACE): a randomised trial". The Lancet. 377 (9768): 823–836. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60096-2. PMID 21334061.
  14. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/iatrogenic#medicalDictionary
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