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Functional magnetic resonance imaging
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{{stub}} '''Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging''' (fMRI) is a method of [[brain]] [[magnetic resonance imaging]]. Unlike in regular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which looks at the brain at rest, fMRI is conducted while the patient is performing a cognitive task, in order to identify differences in blood flow related to the cognitive task. [[File:Brain_function_characteristics_of_chronic_fatigue_syndrome_A_task_fMRI_study_(2018).jpeg|400px|thumb|Brain function image of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Shan et al (2018).<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal | date = 2018-01-01 | title = Brain function characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome: A task fMRI study| url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158218301347|journal=NeuroImage: Clinical|language=en|volume=19 | pages = 279β286|doi=10.1016/j.nicl.2018.04.025|issn=2213-1582}}</ref>]] ==Theory== ==ME/CFS fMRI evidence== * 2014, [[Brains of People With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Offer Clues About Disorder - New York Times: Well (2014)|Brains of People With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Offer Clues About Disorder]]<ref name="Tuller20141124NYT">{{citation | last1 = Tuller | first1 = David | authorlink1 = David Tuller | title = Brains of People With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Offer Clues About Disorder | journal = NY Times | date = 2014-11-24 | url = http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/11/24/brains-of-people-with-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-offer-clues-about-disorder/?_r=0 }}</ref><ref name="Zeineh2014">{{citation | last1 = Zeineh | first1 = Michael M | authorlink1 = Michael Zeineh | last2 = Kang | first2 = James | authorlink2 = James Kang | last3 =Atlas | first3 = Scott W | authorlink3 = Scott Atlas | last4 = Raman | first4 = Mira M | authorlink4 = Mira Raman | last5 =Reiss | first5 = Allan L | authorlink5 = Allan Reiss | last6 = Norris | first6 = Jane L | authorlink6 = Jane Norris | last7 = Valencia | first7 = Ian | author-link8 = Ian Valencia | last8 = Montoya | first8 = Jose G | author-link8 = Jose Montoya | title = Right Arcuate Fasciculus Abnormality in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | journal =Radiology | volume = 274 | issue = 2| pages = 517β526 | date = 2014-10-29 | doi = 10.1148/radiol.14141079 | url = http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/abs/10.1148/radiol.14141079 }}</ref><ref name="Goldman20141028">{{citation | last1 = Goldman | first1 = Bruce | authorlink1 = Bruce Goldman | title = Study finds brain abnormalities in chronic fatigue patients | journal =Stanford Medicine News Center | date = 2014-10-28 | url = http://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2014/10/study-finds-brain-abnormalities-in-chronic-fatigue-patients.html }}</ref> * 2018, [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158218301347 Brain function characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome: A task fMRI study]<ref name=":0" /> ==Cost and availability== The University of Michigan, [[United States|US]], current rate for 2018 is $563 per hour.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://fmri.research.umich.edu/users/billing.php | title = fMRI: Billing|website=fmri.research.umich.edu|access-date=2018-10-12}}</ref> Specialized training is necessary to operate an fMRI and at this time are rarely used outside of research settings.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Bobholz | first = Julie A. | last2 = Rao | first2 = Stephen M. | last3 = Saykin | first3 = Andrew J. | last4 = Pliskin | first4 = Neil | date = 2007 | title=Clinical Use of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Reflections on the New CPT Codes| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4012423/|journal=Neuropsychology review|volume=17|issue=2| pages=189β191|doi=10.1007/s11065-007-9022-1|issn=1040-7308|pmid=17464565|via=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging-2488813 | title = How Does a Functional MRI Machine Work? | last = Pressman | first = Peter | date = Oct 1, 2018|work=Verywell Health|access-date=2018-10-12|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=}}</ref> However, it has a "small but growing role in clinical neuroimaging. It is used in pre-surgical planning to localise brain function."<ref name=":1">{{Cite web | url=https://www.ndcn.ox.ac.uk/divisions/fmrib/what-is-fmri/how-is-fmri-used | title = How is FMRI Used? β Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences | website = ndcn.ox.ac.uk|language=en|access-date=2018-10-12}}</ref> == Commercial use == Two companies in North America have set up lie detection services and several neuromarketing companies are using fMRI "to gain insights into consumer thought and behaviour."<ref name=":1" /> ==See also== * [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] * [[Neuroimaging]] * [[SPECT]] == Learn more == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rb_mdzgw-Jc fMRI - How it Works and What it's Good For]<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rb_mdzgw-Jc | title = fMRI - How it Works and What it's Good For | last = Herzberg | first = Mikio | date = Jul 30, 2015 | website = YouTube| publisher = Mikio Herzberg|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=}}</ref> * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvB9hAarzw4 How does fMRI brain scanning work? Alan Alda and Dr. Nancy Kanwisher, MIT]<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvB9hAarzw4 | title = How does fMRI brain scanning work? Alan Alda and Dr. Nancy Kanwisher, MIT | last = Alda | first = Alan | last2 = Kanwisher | first2 = Nancy | date = Jul 22, 2013 | website = YouTube| publisher = Brains on Trial|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=}}</ref> * [https://hbr.org/2015/11/marketers-should-pay-attention-to-fmri Marketers Should Pay Attention to fMRI]<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://hbr.org/2015/11/marketers-should-pay-attention-to-fmri | title = Marketers Should Pay Attention to fMRI | last = Karmarkar | first = Uma R. | date = 2015-11-03|work=Harvard Business Review|access-date=2018-10-12|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status= | last2 = Yoon | first2 = Carolyn | last3 = Plassmann | first3 = Hilke}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Medical tests]] [[Category:Neurology]]
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