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Fasting
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==Immune system== [[Caloric restriction]] significantly reduced the amount of circulating [[lipopolysaccharide]]-binding protein.<ref name="zhang2013" /> In vitro, short-term (19 hour) fasting reduced monocyte metabolic and inflammatory activity and drastically reduced the number of circulating monocytes. This effect is thought to be due to redistribution of these cells to the bone marrow.<ref name=":0" /> Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting strongly reduced the accumulation of pathogenic monocytes in the central nervous system, reduced monocyte pro-inflammatory activity, and improved disease outcome in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis and in a preclinical model in multiple sclerosis patients.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal | last = Cignarella | first = Francesca | last2 = Cantoni | first2 = Claudia | last3 = Ghezzi | first3 = Laura | last4 = Salter | first4 = Amber | last5 = Dorsett | first5 = Yair | last6 = Chen | first6 = Lei | last7 = Phillips | first7 = Daniel | last8 = Weinstock | first8 = George M. | last9 = Fontana | first9 = Luigi | date = 2018-06-05 | title = Intermittent Fasting Confers Protection in CNS Autoimmunity by Altering the Gut Microbiota| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29874567|journal=Cell Metabolism|volume=27|issue=6 | pages = 1222β1235.e6|doi=10.1016/j.cmet.2018.05.006|issn=1932-7420|pmc=6460288|pmid=29874567}}</ref>
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