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Energy Envelope Theory
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== History == In the early 1990s the research team of health psychologist [[Leonard Jason]] at the [[DePaul University]] of Chicago decided to investigate the activity level of ME/CFS patients into more detail.<ref>Jason, L. A., Holden, J. G., Taylor, S. L., & Melrose, H. J. (1995). [http://psycnet.apa.org/record/1996-08582-001 Monitoring energy levels in chronic fatigue syndrome.] ''The Psychological Record, 45''(4), 643-654.</ref> By using hourly and daily monitoring of symptoms, they were able to examine the relationship between [[exertion]] and setbacks.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal | last = Jason | first = L.A. | last2 = Melrose | first2 = H. | last3 = Lerman | first3 = A. | last4 = Burroughs | first4 = V. | last5 = Lewis | first5 = K. | last6 = King | first6 = C.P. | last7 = Frankenberry | first7 = E.L. | date = Jan 1999 | title = Managing chronic fatigue syndrome: overview and case study| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10205371|journal=AAOHN journal: official journal of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses|volume=47|issue=1 | pages = 17–21|issn=0891-0162|pmid=10205371}}</ref> Following up on several case studies, the Jason research group found that an elevation of symptoms was often preceded by an increase in activity.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Jason | first = L.A. | last2 = Tryon | first2 = W.W. | last3 = Frankenberry | first3 = E. | last4 = King | first4 = C. | date = Dec 1997 | title = Chronic fatigue syndrome: relationships of self-ratings and actigraphy| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9461755|journal=Psychological Reports|volume=81|issue=3 Pt 2 | pages = 1223–1226|doi=10.2466/pr0.1997.81.3f.1223|issn=0033-2941|pmid=9461755}}</ref> In a 1999 study, Jason et al. used an innovative approach to assess overexertion. They asked the ME/CFS patient participating in the study to rate his perceived and expended energy separately on a 100 point scale, with 0 meaning to have no energy at all and 100 to feel completely well. If the ratio of those two scores, exceeded 100, this meant the patient was overexerting himself. Results showed that this energy quotient was significantly correlated with fatigue several days later. According to the authors: “The finding that fatigue was significantly and positively related to self-rated physical exertion two days ago suggests that excesses in activity eventually increase fatigue in this person with [[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]].”<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal | last = Jason | first = L.A. | last2 = Tryon | first2 = W.W. | last3 = Taylor | first3 = R.R. | last4 = King | first4 = C. | last5 = Frankenberry | first5 = E.L. | last6 = Jordan | first6 = K.M. | date = Aug 1999 | title = Monitoring and assessing symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome: use of time series regression | url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10575979|journal=Psychological Reports|volume=85|issue=1 | pages = 121–130|doi=10.2466/pr0.1999.85.1.121|issn=0033-2941|pmid=10575979}}</ref> At the same the Jason group was developing a social program where ME/CFS patients were granted a buddy and mentor to help them with daily hassles. While buddies were often university students who volunteered to do some chores for patients, mentors were veteran ME/CFS patients helping others by passing on their experience in coping with the illness.<ref>Shlaes & Jason. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260102257_A_BuddyMentor_Program_for_People_with_Chronic_Fatigue_Syndrome A Buddy/Mentor Program for People with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]. The CFIDS Chronicle, Winter 1996, p 21-25</ref> Many of the advices ME/CFS patients gave each other were about how to avoid overexertion and relapses by balancing energy expenditure. It was a member of this buddy/mentor program who proposed calling this strategy the “Energy Envelope Theory.”<ref name=":0" />
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