Encephalitis: Difference between revisions
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'''Encephalitis''' is the [[inflammation]] of the brain by blood-borne immune cells. It is not to be confused with [[neuroinflammation]], which is the modern inflammation of the nervous system by tissue-resident immune cells. Unlike with neuroinflammation, encephalitis is associated with swelling of the brain and can be detected using [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI).{{citation needed}} | '''Encephalitis''' is the [[inflammation]] of the brain by blood-borne immune cells. It is not to be confused with [[neuroinflammation]], which is the modern inflammation of the nervous system by tissue-resident immune cells. Unlike with neuroinflammation, encephalitis is associated with swelling of the brain and can be detected using [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI).{{citation needed}} | ||
Encephalitis is normally caused by a virus, vaccine or when something else that causes inflammation.<ref name="Merck">{{Cite web|url=https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/brain,-spinal-cord,-and-nerve-disorders/brain-infections/encephalitis|title=Encephalitis - Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders|website=MSD Manual Consumer Version|language=en|access-date=2020-07-31}}</ref> [[Encephalomyelitis]] is when the inflammation affects the spinal cord as well as the brain.<ref name="Merck" /> | Encephalitis is normally caused by a virus, vaccine or when something else that causes inflammation.<ref name="Merck">{{Cite web | url = https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/brain,-spinal-cord,-and-nerve-disorders/brain-infections/encephalitis | title = Encephalitis - Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders|website=MSD Manual Consumer Version|language=en|access-date=2020-07-31}}</ref> [[Encephalomyelitis]] is when the inflammation affects the spinal cord as well as the brain.<ref name="Merck" /> | ||
==<span id="virus"> | ==<span id="virus">Viral encephalitis</span>== | ||
More than 90% of viral encephalitis is caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and enteroviruses.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Venkatesan | first = Arun | last2 = Geocadin | first2 = Romergryko G. | date = Jun 2014 | title = Diagnosis and management of acute encephalitis |url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4121461/|journal=Neurology: Clinical Practice|volume=4|issue=3 | pages = 206–215|doi=10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000036|issn=2163-0402|pmc=4121461|pmid=25110619|quote=|access-date=|via=}}</ref> | |||
List of all known viruses associated with encephalitis: | |||
*[[adenovirus]] | *[[adenovirus]] | ||
*[[cytomegalovirus]] | *[[cytomegalovirus]] | ||
| Line 27: | Line 28: | ||
*varicella zoster virus (chickenpox) | *varicella zoster virus (chickenpox) | ||
*Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus | *Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus | ||
*[[West Nile virus]]<ref name="Merck" /><ref name="icd11-beta">{{Cite web|url=https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/1358604969|title=ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics|last=World Health Organization|first=|authorlink | *[[West Nile virus]]<ref name="Merck" /><ref name="icd11-beta">{{Cite web | url = https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/1358604969 | title = ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics | last = World Health Organization | first = | authorlink = | date = | website = icd.who.int|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2020-07-31}}</ref><ref name="icd11-beta-nec">{{Cite web | url = https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#http://id.who.int/icd/entity/956664712 | title = ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics | last = World Health Organization | first = | authorlink = World Health Organization | date = |website=[[International Classification of Diseases]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2020-07-31}}</ref><ref name="au">{{Cite web | url = https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au:443/health/conditionsandtreatments/viral-encephalitis | title = Viral encephalitis | last = Services | first = Department of Health & Human | website = betterhealth.vic.gov.au|language=en|access-date=2020-07-31}}</ref> | ||
==Prevalence== | ==Prevalence== | ||
Latest revision as of 04:13, March 9, 2023
 | This article needs cleanup to meet MEpedia's guidelines. The reason given is: This page needs additional references or sources for verification - multiple references need to be added. |
Encephalitis is the inflammation of the brain by blood-borne immune cells. It is not to be confused with neuroinflammation, which is the modern inflammation of the nervous system by tissue-resident immune cells. Unlike with neuroinflammation, encephalitis is associated with swelling of the brain and can be detected using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).[citation needed]
Encephalitis is normally caused by a virus, vaccine or when something else that causes inflammation.[1] Encephalomyelitis is when the inflammation affects the spinal cord as well as the brain.[1]
Viral encephalitis[edit | edit source]
More than 90% of viral encephalitis is caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and enteroviruses.[2]
List of all known viruses associated with encephalitis:
- adenovirus
- cytomegalovirus
- encephalomyelitis virus (Western equine or Eastern equine)
- Ebola virus
- Epstein-Barr virus
- enteroviruses including coxsackieviruses, echo viruses and poliovirus
- flaviviruses, which causes Japanese encephalitis
- herpes simplex
- herpes zoster virus (shingles)
- La Crosse Virus, causing La Crosse or California encephalitis
- lassa virus
- lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
- measles
- Murray Valley encephalitis virus
- rabies virus
- Rocio virus
- rubella
- St. Louis encephalitis virus, a flavivirus
- varicella zoster virus (chickenpox)
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
- West Nile virus[1][3][4][5]
Prevalence[edit | edit source]
Symptom recognition[edit | edit source]
Research[edit | edit source]
In 2020, the Open Medicine Foundation announced a study investigating brain fog in patients with herpes simplex encephalitis, including following those patients over time to see which developed ME/CFS.
Notable studies[edit | edit source]
Possible causes[edit | edit source]
See also[edit | edit source]
Learn more[edit | edit source]
- Encephalitis - Merck Manuals
- Viral encephalitis - Better Health, Australia
- ICD-11 - World Health Organization
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Encephalitis - Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders". MSD Manual Consumer Version. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
- ↑ Venkatesan, Arun; Geocadin, Romergryko G. (June 2014). "Diagnosis and management of acute encephalitis". Neurology: Clinical Practice. 4 (3): 206–215. doi:10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000036. ISSN 2163-0402. PMC 4121461. PMID 25110619.
- ↑ World Health Organization. "ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics". icd.who.int. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
- ↑ World Health Organization. "ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics". International Classification of Diseases. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
- ↑ Services, Department of Health & Human. "Viral encephalitis". betterhealth.vic.gov.au. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
