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Encephalitis
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{{Cleanup/Citations needed}} '''Encephalitis''' is the [[inflammation]] of the brain by blood-borne immune cells. It is not to be confused with [[neuroinflammation]], which is the modern inflammation of the nervous system by tissue-resident immune cells. Unlike with neuroinflammation, encephalitis is associated with swelling of the brain and can be detected using [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI).{{citation needed}} Encephalitis is normally caused by a virus, vaccine or when something else that causes inflammation.<ref name="Merck">{{Cite web | url = https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/brain,-spinal-cord,-and-nerve-disorders/brain-infections/encephalitis | title = Encephalitis - Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders|website=MSD Manual Consumer Version|language=en|access-date=2020-07-31}}</ref> [[Encephalomyelitis]] is when the inflammation affects the spinal cord as well as the brain.<ref name="Merck" /> ==<span id="virus">Viral encephalitis</span>== More than 90% of viral encephalitis is caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and enteroviruses.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Venkatesan | first = Arun | last2 = Geocadin | first2 = Romergryko G. | date = Jun 2014 | title = Diagnosis and management of acute encephalitis |url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4121461/|journal=Neurology: Clinical Practice|volume=4|issue=3 | pages = 206β215|doi=10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000036|issn=2163-0402|pmc=4121461|pmid=25110619|quote=|access-date=|via=}}</ref> List of all known viruses associated with encephalitis: *[[adenovirus]] *[[cytomegalovirus]] *encephalomyelitis virus (Western equine or Eastern equine) *Ebola virus *[[Epstein-Barr virus]] *[[enterovirus]]es including [[coxsackievirus]]es, [[echo virus]]es and [[poliovirus]] *[[flavivirus]]es, which causes Japanese encephalitis *[[herpes simplex]] *[[herpes zoster]] virus (shingles) *La Crosse Virus, causing La Crosse or California encephalitis *lassa virus *lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus *measles *Murray Valley encephalitis virus *rabies virus *Rocio virus *rubella *St. Louis encephalitis virus, a flavivirus *varicella zoster virus (chickenpox) *Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus *[[West Nile virus]]<ref name="Merck" /><ref name="icd11-beta">{{Cite web | url = https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/1358604969 | title = ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics | last = World Health Organization | first = | authorlink = | date = | website = icd.who.int|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2020-07-31}}</ref><ref name="icd11-beta-nec">{{Cite web | url = https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#http://id.who.int/icd/entity/956664712 | title = ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics | last = World Health Organization | first = | authorlink = World Health Organization | date = |website=[[International Classification of Diseases]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2020-07-31}}</ref><ref name="au">{{Cite web | url = https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au:443/health/conditionsandtreatments/viral-encephalitis | title = Viral encephalitis | last = Services | first = Department of Health & Human | website = betterhealth.vic.gov.au|language=en|access-date=2020-07-31}}</ref> ==Prevalence== ==Symptom recognition== ==Research== In 2020, the [[Open Medicine Foundation]] announced a study investigating brain fog in patients with [[herpes simplex encephalitis]], including following those patients over time to see which developed [[ME/CFS]]. ==Notable studies== ==Possible causes== ==See also== *[[Herpes simplex encephalitis]] (HSE) *[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis]] ==Learn more== * [https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/brain,-spinal-cord,-and-nerve-disorders/brain-infections/encephalitis Encephalitis] - Merck Manuals *[https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/viral-encephalitis Viral encephalitis] - Better Health, Australia *[https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f1358604969 ICD-11] - World Health Organization ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Signs and symptoms]] [[Category:Diagnoses]] [[Category:Neurology]] [[Category:Immunology]]
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