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Eicosapentaenoic acid
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==Immune system== EPA inhibits the production of [[arachidonic acid]] (AA) and its related pro-inflammatory [[Prostaglandin|prostaglandins]] by competing for the [[delta-5-desaturase]] enzyme that produces AA. The more EPA you have in your diet, the less AA you produce. EPA also competes with [[phospholipase A2]], necessary to release AA from cell membranes, a similar mechanism of action to [[corticosteroid]]s. The [[eicosanoid]]s produced from EPA are less active than those produced from AA. A high EPA/AA ratio is anti-inflammatory.{{Citation needed}} EPA inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in [[microglia]], including [[nitric oxide]], [[prostaglandin E2]] and pro-inflammatory cytokines [[Interleukin 1|IL-1Ξ²]], [[Interleukin 6|IL-6]], and [[TNF-alpha|TNF-Ξ±]] in [[lipopolysaccharide]]-induced activation.<ref name="moon2007" /> Several studies have found both EPA and DHA inhibit [[microglia]] activation.<ref name="hjorth2012" /> In culture, EPA inhibits [[prostaglandin D2]], a [[prostaglandin]] found in large amounts in the [[brain]] and in [[mast cell]]s.<ref name="obata1999" />
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