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Dysautonomia
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== Comorbidities/causes of dysautonomia == Comorbidities and causes of dysautonomia include:<ref name="what-is" /> * [[Amyloidosis]] ** A group of rare disorders caused by the accumulation of amyloid protein in various tissues throughout the body. If the amyloid accumulation occurs in the heart or on peripheral nerves, it can cause dysautonomia. * [[Celiac|Celiac disease]] * [[Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease]] * [[Chiari malformation]] * Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy * [[Inflammatory bowel disease]] (such as Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis)<ref name="Lindgren1991">{{Cite journal | last = Lindgren | first = S. | last2 = Lilja | first2 = B. | last3 = Rosén | first3 = I. | last4 = Sundkvist | first4 = G. | date = Apr 1991 | title = Disturbed autonomic nerve function in patients with Crohn's disease | url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2034989|journal=Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=26|issue=4 | pages = 361–366|issn=0036-5521|pmid=2034989}}</ref><ref name="Lindgren1993">{{Cite journal | last = Lindgren | first = S. | last2 = Stewenius | first2 = J. | last3 = Sjölund | first3 = K. | last4 = Lilja | first4 = B. | last5 = Sundkvist | first5 = G. | date = Jul 1993 | title = Autonomic vagal nerve dysfunction in patients with ulcerative colitis |url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8362220|journal=Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=28|issue=7 | pages = 638–642|issn=0036-5521|pmid=8362220}}</ref> * [[Deconditioning]] ** The physical change in the way the body functions due to a decrease in activity. The most common cause of deconditioning is bed rest. Due to debilitating symptoms, patients with various chronic illnesses may experience deconditioning, which can exacerbate symptoms. It is important to take steps to prevent and/or reverse deconditioning. <ref name="Dyckman2012">{{Cite journal | last = Dyckman | first = Damian J. | last2 = Sauder | first2 = Charity L. | last3 = Ray | first3 = Chester A. | date = 2012-01-01 | title = Effects of short-term and prolonged bed rest on the vestibulosympathetic reflex| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22021328|journal=American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology|volume=302|issue=1| pages=H368–374|doi=10.1152/ajpheart.00193.2011|issn=1522-1539|pmc=3334249|pmid=22021328}}</ref> * [[Diabetes]]<ref name="Vinik2013">{{Cite journal | last = Vinik | first = Aaron I | last2 = Erbas | first2 = Tomris | last3 = Casellini | first3 = Carolina M | date = 2013-01-29 | title = Diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy, inflammation and cardiovascular disease | url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3580884/|journal=Journal of Diabetes Investigation|volume=4|issue=1 | pages = 4–18|doi=10.1111/jdi.12042|issn=2040-1116|pmc=3580884|pmid=23550085}}</ref> * [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<ref name="Rowe1999">{{Cite journal | date = 1999-10-01 | title = Orthostatic intolerance and chronic fatigue syndrome associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome | first = Peter C. | last = Rowe | authorlink = Peter Rowe | first2 = Diana F. | last2 = Barron | first3 = Hugh | last3 = Calkins | first4 = Irene H. | last4 = Maumenee | first5 = Patrick Y. | last5 = Tong | first6 = Michael T. | last6 = Geraghty| url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022347699701733|journal=The Journal of Pediatrics|language=en|volume=135|issue=4 | pages = 494–499|doi=10.1016/S0022-3476(99)70173-3|issn=0022-3476}}</ref> * [[Mast cell activation syndrome|Mast cell disorders]] * Mitochondrial diseases<ref name="Kanjwal2010">{{Cite journal | last = Kanjwal | first = Khalil | last2 = Karabin | first2 = Beverly | last3 = Kanjwal | first3 = Yousuf | last4 = Saeed | first4 = Bilal | last5 = Grubb | first5 = Blair P. | date = Oct 2010 | title = Autonomic dysfunction presenting as orthostatic intolerance in patients suffering from mitochondrial cytopathy| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20960537|journal=Clinical Cardiology|volume=33|issue=10 | pages = 626–629|doi=10.1002/clc.20805|issn=1932-8737|pmid=20960537}}</ref> * Paraneoplastic syndrome<ref name="Koike2011">{{Cite journal | last = Koike | first = Haruki | last2 = Tanaka | first2 = Fumiaki | last3 = Sobue | first3 = Gen | date = Oct 2011 | title = Paraneoplastic neuropathy: wide-ranging clinicopathological manifestations |url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21799410|journal=Current Opinion in Neurology|volume=24|issue=5 | pages = 504–510|doi=10.1097/WCO.0b013e32834a87b7|issn=1473-6551|pmid=21799410}}</ref> * [[Parkinson's disease]]<ref name="Goldstein2014">{{Cite journal | last = Goldstein | first = David S | date = Apr 2014 | title = Dysautonomia in Parkinson’s disease: neurocardiological abnormalities |url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4222515/|journal=Comprehensive Physiology|volume=4|issue=2 | pages = 805–826|doi=10.1002/cphy.c130026|issn=2040-4603|pmc=4222515|pmid=24715569}}</ref> * [[Sarcoidosis]]<ref name="Bakkers2010">{{Cite journal | last = Bakkers | first = M. | last2 = Faber | first2 = C.G. | last3 = Drent | first3 = M. | last4 = Hermans | first4 = M.C.E. | last5 = van Nes | first5 = S.I. | last6 = Lauria | first6 = G. | last7 = De Baets | first7 = M. | last8 = Merkies | first8 = I. S.J. | date = Dec 2010 | title = Pain and autonomic dysfunction in patients with sarcoidosis and small fibre neuropathy| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2993892/|journal=Journal of Neurology|volume=257|issue=12 | pages = 2086–2090|doi=10.1007/s00415-010-5664-7|issn=0340-5354|pmc=2993892|pmid=20644950}}</ref> * [[Sjögren's syndrome]]<ref name="Ng2012">{{Cite journal | last = Ng | first = W.-F. | last2 = Stangroom | first2 = A.J. | last3 = Davidson | first3 = A. | last4 = Wilton | first4 = K. | last5 = Mitchell | first5 = S. | last6 = Newton | first6 = J.L. | date = Dec 2012 | title = Primary Sjogrens syndrome is associated with impaired autonomic response to orthostasis and sympathetic failure | url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22976617|journal=QJM: monthly journal of the Association of Physicians|volume=105|issue=12 | pages = 1191–1199|doi=10.1093/qjmed/hcs172|issn=1460-2393|pmc=3508582|pmid=22976617}}</ref> * Physical [[trauma]] or surgery<ref name="Kanjwal2010-TBI">{{Cite journal | last = Kanjwal | first = Khalil | last2 = Karabin | first2 = Beverly | last3 = Kanjwal | first3 = Yousuf | last4 = Grubb | first4 = Blair P. | date = 2010 | title=Autonomic dysfunction presenting as postural tachycardia syndrome following traumatic brain injury| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20865679|journal=Cardiology Journal|volume=17|issue=5 | pages = 482–487|issn=1897-5593|pmid=20865679}}</ref><ref name="Billakanty2008">{{Cite journal | last = Billakanty | first = Sreedhar R. | last2 = Kligman | first2 = MarkD. | last3 = Kanjwal | first3 = Yousuf M. | last4 = Kosinski | first4 = Daniel J. | last5 = Maly | first5 = George T. | last6 = Karabin | first6 = Beverly | last7 = Grubb | first7 = Blair P. | date = Jul 2008 | title = New-onset orthostatic intolerance following bariatric surgery| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18684286|journal=Pacing and clinical electrophysiology: PACE|volume=31|issue=7 | pages = 884–888|doi=10.1111/j.1540-8159.2008.01103.x|issn=1540-8159|pmid=18684286}}</ref> * [[Vitamin]] deficiencies * Patients have also reported dysautonomia caused by [[Viral infection|viruses]]
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