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Dopamine
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== Dopamine synthesis == Dopamine is synthesized in [[Neuron|neurons]] and the [[adrenal glands]]. L-[[Phenylalanine]] β L-[[Tyrosine]] β [[L-DOPA]] β Dopamine Dopamine is incapable of crossing the blood-brain barrier so it must be produced in the brain for neuronal activity, or peripherally for peripheral activity. Peripheral dopamine is produced by the adrenal glands and the [[gut]]. [[BH4]] is a cofactor in the conversion of L-Phenylalanine to L-Tyrosine and L-Tyrosine to L-DOPA. The availability of BH4 is dependent on the [[methylation cycle]]. Dopamine is a precursor to [[norepinephrine]] and [[epinephrine]]. [[Iron]] is important in the expression of dopamine receptors in the [[brain]]<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6138953/ | title = Brain Iron and Dopamine Receptor Function | last = Mb | first = Youdim | last2 = D | first2 = Ben-Shachar | date = 1983 | website = Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology|language=en|pmid=6138953|access-date=2020-05-28 | last3 = R | first3 = Ashkenazi | last4 = S | first4 = Yehuda}}</ref> and is also a cofactor in for [[tyrosine hydroxylase]], the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to L-DOPA.
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