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Delayed onset muscle soreness
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'''Delayed onset muscle soreness''' or '''DOMS''' refers to muscle soreness which begins 1-2 days after [[exercise]]; it is not a symptom of illness.<ref name="nhs">https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/pain-after-exercise/</ref> Peak soreness is at 2-3 hours after exercise and can vary between mild and severe.<ref name="nhs"/> Athletes will experience DOMS after high intensity exercise work-outs. At low intensity exercise/work-outs the athlete will rarely experience soreness.{{citation needed | date = 2021}} ==Signs and symptoms == * Muscle pain * Stiff muscles * Muscle pain is relieved when muscles are warmed up with gentle physical activity, pain returns as they cool down<ref name="nhs"/> ==Possible causes== Sore muscles after physical activity, known as delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), can occur when you start a new exercise programme, change your exercise routine, or increase the duration or intensity of your regular workout.<ref name="nhs"/> ==No lactic acid build-up == Many people believe that DOMS is the result of [[lactic acid]] production, but lactic acid is not involved. The cause of DOMS is microscopic injury to muscle fibres, which leads to stiffness and soreness.<ref name="nhs"/> The damage to muscle cells triggers an inflammatory response which involves [[neutrophil]]s and [[macrophage]]s. These cells removes the damaged muscle tissue and release enzymes. The muscle fibers are then repaired.{{citation needed | date = 2021}} ==ME/CFS== Delayed onset muscle soreness is not regarded as a diagnostic symptom of ME/CFS, and should not be confused with [[myalgia|muscle pain]] caused by [[ME/CFS]], although this often does increase with [[post-exertional malaise]].{{citation needed | date = Dec 2020}} In ME/CFS, muscle pain occurs when no exercise or physical activity has taken place.<ref name="ICC2011primer"/> ==Prevention and treatment == In healthy people, exercise training and stretching generally prevent DOMS, but are ineffective for middle pain in ME/CFS.<ref name="Bradleys">https://books.google.com/books?id=oX3OCgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA304&pg=PA304#v=onepage&q&f=true</ref><ref name="ICC2011primer">{{citation | last1 = Carruthers | first1 = BM | author-link1 = Bruce Carruthers | last2 = van de Sande | first2 = MI | authorlink2 = Marjorie van de Sande | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = KL | authorlink3 = Kenny de Meirleir | last4 = Klimas | first4 = NG | author-link4 = Nancy Klimas | last5 = Broderick | first5 = G | author-link5 = Gordon Broderick | last6 = Mitchell | first6 = T | author-link6 = Terry Mitchell | last7 = Staines | first7 = D | author-link8 = Donald Staines | last8 = Powles | first8 = ACP | author-link8 = A C Peter Powles | last9 = Speight | first9 = N | author-link9 = Nigel Speight | last10 = Vallings | first10 = R | author-link10 = Rosamund Vallings | last11 = Bateman | first11 = L | author-link11 = Lucinda Bateman | last12 = Bell | first12 = DS | author-link12 = David Bell | last13 = Carlo-Stella | first13 = N | author-link13 = Nicoletta Carlo-Stella | last14 = Chia | first14 = J | author-link14 = John Chia | last15 = Darragh | first15 = A | author-link15 = Austin Darragh | last16 = Gerken | first16 = A | author-link16 = Anne Gerken | last17 = Jo | first17 = D | author-link17 = Daehyun Jo | last18 = Lewis | first18 = DP | author-link18 = Donald Lewis | last19 = Light | first19 = AR | author-link19 = Alan Light | last20 = Light | first20 = KC | authorlink20 = Kathleen Light | last21 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first21 = S | authorlink21 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last22 = McLaren-Howard | first22 = J | authorlink22 = John McLaren-Howard | last23 = Mena | first23 = I | authorlink23 = Ismael Mena | last24 = Miwa | first24 = K | authorlink24 = Kunihisa Miwa | last25 = Murovska | first25 = M | authorlink25= Modra Murovska | last26 = Stevens | first26 = SR | authorlink26 = Staci Stevens | title = Myalgic encephalomyelitis: Adult & Paediatric: International Consensus Primer for Medical Practitioners | date = 2012| isbn = 978-0-9739335-3-6 | url = http://www.investinme.org/Documents/Guidelines/Myalgic%20Encephalomyelitis%20International%20Consensus%20Primer%20-2012-11-26.pdf}}</ref> Pain relief medications are typically recommended for muscle pain in ME/CFS.<ref name="ICC2011primer"/> == Notable studies == == Notable articles == * 2018, Advances in Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS): Part I: Pathogenesis and Diagnostics<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Hotfiel|first = Thilo | authorlink = | last2 = Freiwald | first2 = Jürgen | authorlink2 = | last3 = Hoppe | first3 = Matthias | authorlink3 = | last4 = Lutter | first4 = Christoph | author-link4 = | last5 = Forst | first5 = Raimund | author-link5 = | last6 = Grim | first6 = Casper | author-link6 = | last7 = Bloch | first7 = Wilhelm | last8 = Hüttel | first8 = Moritz | last9 = Heiss | first9 = Rafael | date = Dec 2018 | title = Advances in Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS): Part I: Pathogenesis and Diagnostics |url =http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/a-0753-1884|journal=Sportverletzung · Sportschaden|language=de|volume=32|issue=04 | pages = 243–250|doi=10.1055/a-0753-1884|issn=0932-0555|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/a-0753-1884 (Abstract)] * 2019, Advances in Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) - Part II: Treatment and Prevention<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Heiss | first = Rafael | authorlink = | last2 = Lutter | first2 = Christoph | authorlink2 = | last3 = Freiwald | first3 = Jürgen | authorlink3 = | last4 = Hoppe | first4 = Matthias | author-link4 = | last5 = Grim | first5 = Casper | author-link5 = | last6 = Poettgen | first6 = Klaus | author-link6 = | last7 = Forst | first7 = Raimund | last8 = Bloch | first8 = Wilhelm | last9 = Hüttel | first9 = Moritz | date = Mar 2019 | title = Advances in Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) – Part II: Treatment and Prevention | url =http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/a-0810-3516|journal=Sportverletzung · Sportschaden|language=de|volume=33|issue=01 | pages = 21–29|doi=10.1055/a-0810-3516|issn=0932-0555|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0810-3516 (Abstract)] ==Talks and interviews== ==See also== *[[Exercise]] *[[Lactate]] *[[Inflammation]] *[[Exertion]] *[[Malaise]] *[[Post-exertional malaise]] ==Learn more== *[https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/pain-after-exercise/ Pain after exercise] - NHS *[https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/jan/14/doms-away-how-to-cope-with-delayed-onset-muscle-soreness Doms away! Is delayed onset muscle soreness inevitable after a workout?] - The Guardian *[https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/313267-overview#a1 Postexercise Muscle Soreness] - Medscape == References == [[Category:Diagnoses]]
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