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DePaul Symptom Questionnaire
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The '''DePaul Symptom Questionnaire''' ('''DSQ)''' is a self-report assessment created by [[Leonard Jason]] and the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Project at DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, US. Developed in 2010 to operationalize the [[Canadian Consensus Criteria|Canadian Consensus Criteria,]]<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Brown | first = Abigail | authorlink = Abigail Brown | last2 = Molly | first2 = Brown | authorlink2 = Molly Brown | last3 = Nicole | first3 = Porter | authorlink3 = Nicole Porter | last4 = Meredyth | first4 = Evans | author-link4 = Meredyth Evans | last5 = Jason | first5 = Leonard | author-link5 = Leonard Jason | last6 = Jessica | first6 = Hunnell | last7 = Valerie | first7 = Anderson | last8 = Lerch | first8 = Athena | last9 = De Meirleir | first9 = Kenny | author-link9 = Kenny De Meirleir | date = 2010-04-01 | title = The Development of a Revised Canadian Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Case Definition | url =https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49588870_The_Development_of_a_Revised_Canadian_Myalgic_Encephalomyelitis_Chronic_Fatigue_Syndrome_Case_Definition|journal=American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology|volume=6|doi=10.3844/ajbbsp.2010.120.135 | pages = |via=}}</ref> the DSQ provides clinicians and researchers concrete directives to assess ME/CFS-symptoms. With 54 questions in total, the DSQ assesses key symptoms of ME/CFS such as fatigue, [[post-exertional malaise]], sleep, pain, neurological/cognitive impairments and autonomic, neuroendocrine and immune symptoms. At each item, participants have to rate the frequency and severity of the symptom on a scale from 0 to 4. The DSQ has shown good test-retest reliability<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Jason | first = Leonard A. | authorlink = Leonard Jason | last2 = So | first2 = Suzanna | last3 = Brown | first3 = Abigail A. | authorlink3 = Abigail Brown | last4 = Sunnquist | first4 = Madison | author-link4 = Madison Sunnquist | last5 = Evans | first5 = Meredyth | author-link5 = Meredyth Evans | date = 2015-01-01 | title = Test-Retest Reliability of the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire | url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26973799|journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior |volume=3|issue=1 | pages = 16–32|doi=10.1080/21641846.2014.978110|issn=2164-1846|pmc=4788471|pmid=26973799}}</ref> and internal consistency<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Brown | first = Abigail A. | last2 = Jason | first2 = Leonard A.| date = 2014 | title = Validating a measure of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome symptomatology | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4871625/|journal=Fatigue : biomedicine, health & behavior|volume=2|issue=3 | pages = 132–152|doi=10.1080/21641846.2014.928014|issn=2164-1846|pmc=4871625|pmid=27213118}}</ref> and is available on redcap<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://redcap.is.depaul.edu/surveys/?s=4NJ9CKW7JD | title = DePaul Symptom Questionnaire 2.0 (DSQ-2)|website=redcap.is.depaul.edu|access-date=2018-10-01}}</ref> for researchers to use. In a Norwegian comparison with physician assessments, the DSQ scored a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 75%.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Strand | first = Elin B. | last2 = Lillestøl | first2 = Kristine | last3 = Jason | first3 = Leonard A. | last4 = Tveito | first4 = Kari | last5 = Diep | first5 = Lien My | last6 = Valla | first6 = Simen Strand | last7 = Sunnquist | first7 = Madison | last8 = Helland | first8 = Ingrid B. | last9 = Herder | first9 = Ingrid | date = 2016-01-02 | title = Comparing the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire with physician assessments: a preliminary study | url = https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21641846.2015.1126026|journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior |language=en|volume=4|issue=1 | pages = 52–62|doi=10.1080/21641846.2015.1126026|issn=2164-1846}}</ref> This indicated that the DSQ is a useful tool in detecting and screening symptoms, but that a follow-up medical examination is necessary to confirm the diagnosis and identify possible exclusionary medical and psychiatric disorders. When tested against the [[Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20]] and the RAND [[SF-36]] Health Survey, the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire showed more reliability in consistently assessing for [[ME/CFS]] symptoms. The [[post-exertional malaise]] subscale was able to optimally differentiate between patients with [[ME/CFS]] and controls.<ref name="Murdock, 2016" /> In 2018 the Common Data Elements working group on PEM, formed by [[National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke|NINDS]] and the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]], recommended the use of 5 items from the DSQ to screen patients for the presence of post-exertional malaise.<ref>https://www.commondataelements.ninds.nih.gov/Doc/MECFS/PEM_Subgroup_Summary.pdf</ref> This decision has however been criticised by patients. A document formulated by the Science for ME PEM working group argued that the PEM subscale of the DSQ is too much focused on the feeling of fatigue and fails to adequately assess the delayed onset and prolonged recovery of PEM, as often reported by ME/CFS patients.<ref>{{Cite news |url =https://www.s4me.info/threads/s4me-submission-to-the-public-review-on-common-data-elements-for-me-cfs-concerns-with-the-proposed-measure-of-post-exertional-malaise.2220/ | title = S4ME: Submission to the public review on Common Data Elements for ME/CFS: Concerns with the proposed measure of post-exertional malaise|work=Science for ME|access-date=2018-10-01|language=en-US}}</ref> In response to these concerns the DePaul research group has recently revised the DSQ PEM subscale to include 5 new items that can be used after the initial screening. An analysis showed that these supplementary questions (especially those asking about the duration of PEM) helped to differentiate ME/CFS patients from controls with [[Multiple sclerosis|MS]] or [[post-polio syndrome]].<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Cotler | first = Joseph | last2 = Holtzman | first2 = Carly | last3 = Dudun | first3 = Catherine | last4 = Jason | first4 = Leonard A. | date = 2018-09-11 | title = A Brief Questionnaire to Assess Post-Exertional Malaise | url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30208578|journal=Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)|volume=8|issue=3|doi=10.3390/diagnostics8030066|issn=2075-4418|pmid=30208578}}</ref> In 2019, the questionnaire was revised and tested to improve its psychometric properties, increase its diagnostic reliability, and assess symptoms required by case definitions. The resulting instrument was named the [[DSQ-2]].<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Bedree | first = Helen | authorlink = | last2 = Sunnquist | first2 = Madison | authorlink2 = Madison Sunnquist | last3 = Jason | first3 = Leonard A. | authorlink3 = Leonard Jason | date = 2019-08-12 | title = The DePaul Symptom Questionnaire-2: a validation study | url = https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21641846.2019.1653471|journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior |language=en|volume=|issue= | pages = 1–14|doi=10.1080/21641846.2019.1653471|issn=2164-1846|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> ==Studies== *2014, Validating a measure of [[ME/CFS|myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome]] symptomatology<ref name="Brown, 2014" /> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4871625/ (Full Text)] *2015, Factor Analysis of the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire: Identifying Core Domains<ref name="Factor Analysis, 2015" /> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4830389/ (Full Text)] *2015, Test–retest reliability of the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Jason | first = Leonard A. | authorlink = Leonard Jason | last2 = So | first2 = Suzanna | last3 = Brown | first3 = Abigail A. | authorlink3 = Abigail Brown | last4 = Sunnquist | first4 = Madison | author-link4 = Madison Sunnquist | last5 = Evans | first5 = Meredyth | author-link5 = Meredyth Evans | date = 2015-01-01 | title = Test-Retest Reliability of the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire | url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26973799|journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior |volume=3|issue=1 | pages = 16–32|doi=10.1080/21641846.2014.978110|issn=2164-1846|pmc=4788471|pmid=26973799}}</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4788471/ (Full Text)] *2016, The utility of patient-reported outcome measures among patients with [[ME/CFS|myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome]]<ref name="Murdock, 2016" /> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5336422/ (Full Text)] *2016, Comparing the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire with physician assessments: a preliminary study<ref name="Strand, 2016" /> [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291333559_Comparing_the_DePaul_Symptom_Questionnaire_with_physician_assessments_a_preliminary_study (Abstract - Full Text upon request)] *2018, A Brief Questionnaire to Assess Post-Exertional Malaise<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Cotler | first = Joseph | last2 = Holtzman | first2 = Carly | last3 = Dudun | first3 = Catherine | last4 = Jason | first4 = Leonard A. | author-link4 = Leonard Jason | date = 2018-09-11 | title = A Brief Questionnaire to Assess Post-Exertional Malaise | url =http://s1.mdpi.com/2075-4418/8/3/66|journal=Diagnostics|language=en|volume=8|issue=3 | pages = 66|doi=10.3390/diagnostics8030066|via=}}</ref> [https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/8/3/66/htm (Full Text)] *2018, The Development of the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire: Original, Expanded, Brief and Pediatric Versions<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Jason | first = Leonard | authorlink = Leonard Jason | last2 = Sunnquist | first2 = Madison | authorlink2 = Madison Sunnquist | date = | title = The Development of the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire: Original, Expanded, Brief and Pediatric Versions |url =|journal=Frontiers in Pediatrics|volume= | pages = |doi=10.3389/fped.2018.00330|via=}}</ref> *2019, The DePaul Symptom Questionnaire-2: a validation study<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Bedree | first = Helen | authorlink = | last2 = Sunnquist | first2 = Madison | authorlink2 = Madison Sunnquist | last3 = Jason | first3 = Leonard A. | authorlink3 = Leonard Jason | date = 2019-08-12 | title = The DePaul Symptom Questionnaire-2: a validation study | url = https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21641846.2019.1653471|journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior |language=en|volume=|issue= | pages = 1–14|doi=10.1080/21641846.2019.1653471|issn=2164-1846|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21641846.2019.1653471?journalCode=rftg20 (Abstract)] ==See also== * [[DePaul Pediatric Health Screening Questionnaire]] * [[Fatigue Severity Scale]] *[[Leonard Jason]] ==Learn more== *[https://www.leonardjason.com/cfsme_measures/ DePaul Symptom Questionnaires] (to download) * [https://redcap.is.depaul.edu/surveys/?s=tRxytSPVVw DePaul Symptom Questionnaire] * [https://redcap.is.depaul.edu/surveys/?s=H443P9TPFX DePaul Symptom Questionnaire (DSQ-1)] * [https://redcap.is.depaul.edu/surveys/?s=4NJ9CKW7JD DePaul Symptom Questionnaire 2.0 (DSQ-2)] * [http://www.iacfsme.org/Portals/0/pdf/kingquestionnaire.pdf DePaul University Fatigue Questionnaire] *[http://wames.org.uk/cms-english/tag/depaul-symptom-questionnaire/ WAMES: List of studies using the DePaul symptom questionnaire] ==References== <references> <ref name="Brown, 2014">{{Citation | last1 = Brown | first1 = Abigail A. | author-link1 = Abigail Brown | last2 = Jason | first2 = Leonard A. | authorlink2 = Leonard Jason | title = Validating a measure of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome symptomatology. | journal = Fatigue: biomedicine, health & behavior | volume = 2 | issue = 3 | page = 132-152 | date = 2014 | doi = 10.1080/21641846.2014.928014 }}</ref> <ref name="Factor Analysis, 2015">{{Citation | last1 = Jason | first1 = Leonard A | author-link1 = Leonard Jason | last2 = Sunnquist | first2 = Madison | authorlink2 = Madison Sunnquist | last3 = Brown | first3 = Abigail | authorlink3 = Abigail Brown | last4 = Furst | first4 = Jacob | author-link4 = | last5 = Cid | first5 = Marjoe | author-link5 = | last6 = Farietta | first6 = Jillianna | author-link6 = | last7 = Kot | first7 = Bobby | author-link7 = | last8 = Bloomer | first8 = Craig | author-link8 = | last9 = Nicholson | first9 = Laura | author-link9 = | last10 = Williams | first10 = Yolonda | author-link10 = Yolonda Williams | last11 = Jantke | first11 = Rachel | author-link11 = Rachel Jantke | last12 = Newton | first12 = Julia L | author-link12 = Julia Newton | last13 = Strand | first13 = Elin Bolle | author-link13 = Elin Bolle Strand | title = Factor Analysis of the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire: Identifying Core Domains | journal = Journal of Neurology and Neurobiology | volume = 1 | issue = 4 | page = | date = 2015 | pmid = | doi = 10.16966/2379-7150.114 }}</ref> <ref name="Murdock, 2016">{{Citation | last1 = Murdock | first1 = KW | author-link1 = | last2 = Wang | first2 = XS | authorlink2 = | last3 = Shi | first3 = Q | authorlink3 = | last4 = Cleeland | first4 = CS | author-link4 = | last5 = Fagundes | first5 = CP | author-link5 = | last6 = Vernon | first6 = Suzanne D. | author-link6 = Suzanne Vernon | title = The utility of patient-reported outcome measures among patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. | journal = Quality of Life Research | volume = | issue = | page = | date = 2016 | pmid = 27600520 | doi = 10.1007/s11136-016-1406-3 }}</ref> <ref name="Strand, 2016">{{Citation | last1 = Strand | first1 = Elin B. | author-link1 = Elin Bolle Strand | last2 = Lillestøl | first2 = Kristine | authorlink2 = | last3 = Jason | first3 = Leonard A. | authorlink3 = Leonard Jason | last4 = Tveito | first4 = Kari | author-link4 = | last5 = Diep | first5 = Lien My | author-link5 = | last6 = Valla | first6 = Simen Strand | author-link6 = | last7 = Sunnquist | first7 = Madison | author-link8 = Madison Sunnquist | last8 = Helland | first8 = Ingrid B. | author-link8 = | last9 = Dammen | first9 = Toril | author-link9 = | title = Comparing the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire with physician assessments: a preliminary study. | journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | page = 52-62 | date = 2016 | doi = 10.1080/21641846.2015.1126026 }}</ref> </references> [[Category:Symptom scales]]
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