Complement C4a
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Complement C4a is a protein that is expressed, primarily in the liver and in macrophages, in response to acute inflammation or tissue injury.[1]
Relationship to ME/CFS[edit | edit source]
Increased C4a levels have been found one to six hours after exercise challenge tests in ME/CFS patients but not in healthy controls.[2] Others found a strong relation between the change in complement C4a level and an increase in post-exertional pain and fatigue in ME/CFS patients.[3] Previously, complement C4a, in combination with other proteins, was being considered as a potential marker of post-exertional malaise in ME/CFS.[4] (Full text)
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Behairy BE, El-Mashad GM, Abd-Elghany RS, Ghoneim EM, Sira MM.Serum complement C4a and its relation to liver fibrosis in children with chronic hepatitis C.World J Hepatol. 2013 Aug 27;5(8):445-51.
- ↑ Sorensen B, Streib JE, Strand M, Make B, Giclas PC, Fleshner M, Jones JF. Complement activation in a model of chronic fatigue syndrome.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003 Aug;112(2):397-403. PMID: 12897748
- ↑ Nijs, J.; Van Oosterwijck, J.; Meeus, M.; Lambrecht, L.; Metzger, K.; Frémont, M.; Paul, L. (2010). "Unravelling the nature of postexertional malaise in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: the role of elastase, complement C4a and interleukin-1β". Journal of Internal Medicine. 267 (4): 418–435. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2009.02178.x. ISSN 1365-2796.
- ↑ Sorensen, Bristol; Jones, James F; Vernon, Suzanne D; Rajeevan, Mangalathu S (January 2009). "Transcriptional Control of Complement Activation in an Exercise Model of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". Molecular Medicine. 15 (1–2): 34–42. doi:10.2119/molmed.2008.00098. PMC 2583111. PMID 19015737.
