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Cobalamin
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'''Vitamin B12''', also known as '''cobalamin''', is a water-soluble [[vitamin]], one of the [[B vitamin|B vitamins]]. Forms of cobalamin include hydroxo-cobalamin, cyano-cobalamin, methyl-cobalamin, and adenosyl-cobalamin. ==Physiology== B12 is involved in cellular metabolism and formation of red blood cells (RBCs). It has an integral role in brain and nervous system function. Absorption of B12 from dietary sources requires an intrinsic factor (IF or GIF), i.e., a glycoprotein, synthesized in and secreted from parietal cells in the lining of the human stomach. ==Immune system== Vitamin B12 deficiency may be associated with decreased [[natural killer cell]] activity.<ref name="tamura1999" /> ==ME/CFS== ==Deficiency== {{See also|Vitamin B12 deficiency}} ==Notable studies== *2000, Cobalamin Used in [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] Therapy Is a Nitric Oxide Scavenger <ref>[[Martin Pall|Pall, Martin L]]. (2000). Cobalamin Used in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Therapy Is a Nitric Oxide Scavenger. ''Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome'', Vol. 8, Iss. 2, pp. 39-44. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v08n02_04| doi: 10.1300/J092v08n02_04]</ref> [http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v08n02_04 (Abstract)] *2015, Response to Vitamin B12 and [[Folic acid|Folic Acid]] in [[Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]] and [[Fibromyalgia]]<ref name="Regland, 2015" /> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4406448/ (Full Text)] ==See also== *[[Vitamin B12 deficiency]] *[[Vitamin]] *[[B vitamin]]s *[[B_vitamin#vitamin_B_complex|B vitamin complex]] *[[Malnutrition]] *[[Martin Pall]] *[[Carl-Gerhard Gottfries]] ==Learn more== *[http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/vitamin-B12 Linus Pauling Institute Micronutrient Information Center - Vitamin B12] *[http://www.drmyhill.co.uk/wiki/B12_-_rationale_for_using_vitamin_B12_in_CFS B12 - rationale for using vitamin B12 in CFS] - Dr. [[Sarah Myhill]] ==References== <references> <ref name="Regland, 2015">{{Citation | last1 = Regland | first1 = Bjรถrn | author-link1 = Bjorn Regland | last2 = Forsmark | first2 = Sara | author-link2 = | last3 = Halaouate | first3 = Lena | author-link3 = | last4 = Matousek | first4 = Michael | author-link4 = | last5 = Peilot | first5 = Birgitta | author-link5 = | last6 = Zachrisson | first6 = Olof | author-link6 = | last7 = Gottfries | first7 = Carl-Gerhard | author-link8 = Carl-Gerhard Gottfries | title = Response to Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Fibromyalgia. | journal =PLoS ONE | volume = 10 | issue = 4 | page = | date = 2015 | pmid = | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0124648 }}</ref> <ref name="tamura1999">{{Citation| doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00870.x| issn = 1365-2249| volume = 116 | issue = 1| pages = 28โ32| last1 = Tamura | first1 = J. | last2 = Kubota | first2 = K. | last3 = Murakami | first3 = H. | last4 = Sawamura | first4 = M. | last5 = Matsushima | first5 = T. | last6 = Tamura | first6 = T. | last7 = Saitoh | first7 = T. | last8 = Kurabayshi | first8 = H. | last9 = Naruse | first9 = T.| title = Immunomodulation by vitamin B12: augmentation of CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cell activity in vitamin B12-deficient patients by methyl-B12 treatment| journal = Clinical & Experimental Immunology| access-date = 2016-11-09| date = 1999-04-01| url = http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00870.x/abstract}}</ref> </references> [[Category:Potential treatments]] [[Category:Supplements]] [[Category:B vitamins]] [[Category:Nutrients]] [[Category:Biochemistry and cell biology]]
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