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Chiari malformation
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=== ME/CFS === A Swedish study of 234 ME/CFS patients meeting the [[Canadian Consensus Criteria]] found that a substantial proportion of patients had signs on their brain MRIs suggestive of [[intracranial hypertension]]: 55% had increased diameter of the optic nerve sheath. In addition 80% had cerebellar tonsillar descent that could potentially cause disruptions to spinal fluid flow, and thus increased intracranial pressure. 13.2% had tonsillar herniations severe enough to be considered a Chiari Malformation.<ref name="Bragee2020">{{Cite journal | title = Signs of Intracranial Hypertension, Hypermobility, and Craniocervical Obstructions in Patients With Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | date = 2020 | url=https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2020.00828 | journal = Frontiers in Neurology | volume = 11 | pages = 828 | last = Bragée | first = Björn | last2 = Michos | first2 = Anastasios | last3 = Drum | first3 = Brandon | last4 = Fahlgren | first4 = Mikael | last5 = Szulkin | first5 = Robert | last6 = Bertilson | first6 = Bo C.|doi=10.3389/fneur.2020.00828|issn=1664-2295}}</ref> In 2018, an American chart review of patients undergoing surgery for Chiari I malformation found that 14% had chronic fatigue syndrome.<ref name=":4" />
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