Anonymous
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Search
Editing
Cellular respiration
From MEpedia, a crowd-sourced encyclopedia of ME and CFS science and history
Namespaces
Page
Discussion
More
More
Page actions
Read
Edit
Edit source
History
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
[[File:Cellular-respiration.jpg|thumb|center|Cellular respiration during muscle [[metabolism]].<br> Source: {{Cite book | last = Betts | first = JG | authorlink = | last2 = Young | first2 = KA | author-link2 = | last3 = Wise | first3 = JA | last4 = Johnson | first4 = E | last5 = Poe | first5 = B | last6 = Kruse | first6 = DH | last7 = Korol | first7 = O | last8 = Johnson | first8 = JE | last9 = Womble | first9 = M | last10 = DeSaix | first10 = P | date = Apr 25, 2013 | website = OpenStax |location=Houston, Texas|language=en |archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status= |chapter-url=https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/10-3-muscle-fiber-contraction-and-relaxation |chapter=10.3 Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation | title = Anatomy and Physiology | url=https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-introduction }}<ref name="10-3-muscle-fibre"/>]] '''Cellular respiration''' is the set of [[metabolism|metabolic]] reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms in order to convert biochemical energy from food into energy that can be used to carry out life processes. ==Process== Cellular respiration occurs within the cells [[Mitochondrion|mitochondria]] and cytoplasm (jelly-like substance that fills a cell). The general chemical formula for cellular respiration is [[glucose]] + [[oxygen]] --> carbon dioxide + water + energy.<ref name="10-3-muscle-fibre">{{Cite book | last = Betts | first = JG | authorlink = | last2 = Young | first2 = KA | author-link2 = | last3 = Wise | first3 = JA | last4 = Johnson | first4 = E | last5 = Poe | first5 = B | last6 = Kruse | first6 = DH | last7 = Korol | first7 = O | last8 = Johnson | first8 = JE | last9 = Womble | first9 = M | last10 = DeSaix | first10 = P | date = Apr 25, 2013 | website = OpenStax |location=Houston, Texas|language=en |archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status= |chapter=10.3 Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation |chapter-url=https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/10-3-muscle-fiber-contraction-and-relaxation | title = Anatomy and Physiology | url=https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-introduction |access-date=2022-01-28}}</ref><ref name="khanacademy">{{Cite web | url = https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-energy-and-transport/hs-cellular-respiration/a/hs-cellular-respiration-review | title = Cellular respiration review | website = Khan Academy|language=en|access-date=2018-08-13}}</ref> For the human body, usable energy comes in the form of a molecule called [[adenosine triphosphate]] (ATP). Cellular respiration is then the way in which the cells of the human body turn nutrients into ATP; this process can be broken down into four core steps: # [[Glycolysis]]: the first step of cellular respiration is the breakdown of glucose into energy that the body can utilize. # [[Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate]]: this step is done by an enzyme called the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDC). # [[Citric acid cycle]] (Krebs cycle or TCA cycle): is a series of chemical reactions that take stored energy (proteins, fats, carbs) and convert them into ATP. # [[Oxidative phosphorylation]]: the last step of cellular respiration uses a combination of several enzymes and oxygen to create a large quantity of ATP from the energy-dense molecules that were broken down in the previous steps. [[File:Aerobic_respiration_diagram.gif|center|frameless|500x500px|Cellular respiration, also known as aerobic respiration]] ==Anaerobic Respiration== Organisms can also perform respiration without oxygen in a process called [[Anaerobic_and_aerobic_metabolism|anaerobic respiration]]. In human cells, anaerobic respiration occurs through a process known as fermentation. If a cell does not have adequate oxygen to undergo cellular respiration then fermentation allows for [[glycolysis]] to continue to run. Anaerobic respiration is far less efficient at producing ATP than aerobic respiration.<ref name="khanacademy" /> {{Main article|Anaerobic and aerobic metabolism}} ==Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and cellular respiration== Patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) have been observed to have an overall lower maximal cellular respiration capacity than control groups.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Tomas | first = Cara | authorlink = Cara Tomas | last2 = Brown | first2 = Audrey | author-link2 = Audrey Brown | last3 = Strassheim | first3 = Victoria | author-link3 = Victoria Strassheim | last4 = Elson | first4 = Joanna | author-link4 = Joanna Elson | last5 = Newton | first5 = Julia | author-link5 = Julia Newton | last6 = Manning | first6 = Philip | date = Oct 24, 2017 | title = Cellular bioenergetics is impaired in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome | url =http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0186802 | journal = PLOS ONE|language=en | volume = 12 | issue = 10| pages = e0186802|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0186802|issn=1932-6203|pmc=|pmid=29065167|via=}}</ref> This would mean that a cell would be unable to keep up with its energy needs. Some studies have observed decreased production of ATP and other metabolic intermediates in patients with ME.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Nguyen | first = Thao | authorlink = Thao Nguyen | date = 2017 | title=Reduced glycolytic reserve in isolated natural killer cells from Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome patients: A preliminary investigation | url =http://apjai-journal.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/AP-011117-0188.pdf | journal=APJAI | volume = | pages = |via=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Naviaux | first = Robert K. | last2 = Naviaux | authorlink = Robert Naviaux | first2 = Jane C. | last3 = Li | author-link2 = Jane Li | first3 = Kefeng | last4 = Bright | first4 = A. Taylor | last5 = Alaynick | first5 = William A. | last6 = Wang | first6 = Lin | last7 = Baxter | first7 = Asha | last8 = Nathan | first8 = Neil | last9 = Anderson | first9 = Wayne | date = Sep 13, 2016 | title = Metabolic features of chronic fatigue syndrome | url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27573827 | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 113 | issue = 37| pages = E5472β5480|doi=10.1073/pnas.1607571113|issn=1091-6490|pmc=5027464|pmid=27573827}}</ref> ==See also== *[[Citric acid cycle]] *[[Ion transportation]] (electron transport chain) *[[Glycolysis]] *[[Mitochondrion]] ==Learn more== *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_respiration Wikipedia - Cellular respiration] *[http://www.bozemanscience.com/cellular-respiration Cellular Respiration by Bozeman Science] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00jbG_cfGuQ ATP & Respiration: Crash Course Biology] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2f7YwCtHcgk Introduction to cellular respiration | Cellular respiration | Biology | Khan Academy] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Biochemistry and cell biology]] [[Category:Energy system]] [[Category:Cellular respiration]] [[Category:Metabolism]]
Summary:
Please make sure your edits are consistent with
MEpedia's guidelines
.
By saving changes, you agree to the
Terms of use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 3.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)
Templates used on this page:
Template:Cite book
(
edit
)
Template:Cite journal
(
edit
)
Template:Cite web
(
edit
)
Template:Colon
(
edit
)
Template:GetFallback
(
edit
)
Template:LangSwitch
(
edit
)
Template:Main article
(
edit
)
Template:Main other
(
edit
)
Template:Reflist
(
edit
)
Template:Uselang
(
edit
)
Module:Check for unknown parameters
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist
(
edit
)
Module:No globals
(
edit
)
Navigation
Navigation
Skip to content
Main page
Browse
Become an editor
Random page
Popular pages
Abbreviations
Glossary
About MEpedia
Links for editors
Contents
Guidelines
Recent changes
Pages in need
Search
Help
Wiki tools
Wiki tools
Special pages
Page tools
Page tools
User page tools
More
What links here
Related changes
Page information
Page logs