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Causes of death
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{{Image frame|caption=<span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:140%">Causes of Death in ME/CFS</span><br><span style ="font-size:75%">1 All causes, 2 Top 3 causes of death, 3 Suicide, <br>4 Cardiovascular Problems, 5 Cancer</span><br> Source: Fatigue. 2016; 4(4): 195–207<ref name="McManimen2016"/>| content={{Graph:Chart|width=|height=|type=rect|xAxisTitle=Cause of death|yAxisTitle=Age|legend=Legend|x=1,2,3,4,5|y1=55.9,53.9,41.3,58.8,66.3|y2=73.5,74,47.4,77.7,71.1|y1Title=ME & CFS|y2Title=U.S average (2014)|colors={{MEActionRed}},{{MEActionBlue}}|xAxisAngle=}} }} Statistics on the '''causes of death''' of [[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|myalgic encephalomyalitis]] (ME) and/or [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] (CFS) patients vary greatly. Some factors that influence statistics on cause of death include case definitions, regional differences, access to medical resources, and the presence of comorbid illnesses.<br style="clear:both"> == Age of deaths due to ME/CFS == In England and Wales, most people whose deaths were caused fully or partly by [[ME/CFS]] were of working age, with the youngest dying their late teens.<ref name="ONS2018" /> {{Image frame|caption=<span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:140%">Deaths caused partly or fully by ME/CFS, England and Wales, 2001 - 2016.</span ><br> <span style="font-weight:normal;font-size:120%">Source: Office of National Statistics.<ref name="ONS2018"/></span>| content={{Graph:Chart|width=550|height=auto|type=rect|xAxisTitle=Age at death|yAxisTitle=Total deaths 2001-2016|legend=Legend|x=Under 14,15 to 19,20 to 29,30 to 39,40 to 49,50 to 59,60 to 69,70 to 79,80 or over|y1=0,1,1,12,16,21,22,6,9|y2=|showValues=true|fontsize=120%|y1Title=|y2Title=|colors={{MEActionRed}}}} |align=left}} {{Clear}} {{Image frame|caption=<span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:140%">Deaths caused partly or fully by ME/CFS, England and Wales, 2001 - 2016.</span ><br> <span style="font-weight:normal;font-size:120%">Source: Office of National Statistics.<ref name="ONS2018"/></span>| content={{Graph:Chart|width=550|height=auto|type=line|xAxisTitle=Year of death|yAxisTitle=Deaths|legend=Legend|x=2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016|y1=2,2,3,2,1,5,2,4,4,10,6,15,8,6,7,11|y2=|showValues=true|fontsize=120%|y1Title=|y2Title=|colors={{MEActionRed}}}} |align=left}} {{clear}} Deaths from ME/CFS are very rare, and ME/CFS is rarely recorded on death certificates. In England and Wales, between 2001 and 2016, 88 death certificates stated that the death was either partly or fully caused by myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome,<ref name="ONS2018" /> which is less than six deaths per year. ==Life expectancy == Life expectancy studies in ME/CFS have generally shown lowered life expectancy, with a higher all-cause mortality found by McManimen et al. (2016). Analysis from an online memorial showing over half of ME/CFS patients died of heart failure, [[suicide]] or [[cancer]], with ages of death from both suicide and cancer being considered earlier than in the general population.<ref name="Jason, Corradi, 2006" /> A study of elderly ME/CFS patients with cancer by Chang et al. (2012) found Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) found rates were significantly higher in ME/CFS patients than the general US population, especially diffuse large [[B cell]] lymphoma.<ref name="Chang2012" /> ==Notable studies== *2016, Mortality in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name="McManimen2016" /> - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5218818/ (Full Text)] *2016, Mortality of people with chronic fatigue syndrome: a retrospective cohort study in England and Wales from the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Biomedical Research Centre (SLaM BRC) Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS) Register - [http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2816%2900270-1/fulltext (Full text)] ::Criticism by [[James Coyne]]: [https://jcoynester.wordpress.com/2016/02/16/bad-stats-non-sequitur-conclusions-in-lancet-chronic-fatigue-syndromesuicide-study/ Bad stats, non sequitur conclusions in Lancet chronic fatigue syndrome/suicide study.]<ref name="Coyne2019">{{Cite web | url = https://jcoynester.wordpress.com/2016/02/16/bad-stats-non-sequitur-conclusions-in-lancet-chronic-fatigue-syndromesuicide-study/ | title = Bad stats, non sequitur conclusions in Lancet chronic fatigue syndrome/suicide study | last = Coyne | first = James C. | authorlink = James Coyne | date = Feb 16, 2016 | website = Quick Thoughts |language=en| archive-url = | archive-date = |url-status = | access-date=2019-03-06}}</ref> *2015, Pathology of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Pilot Study of Four Autopsy Cases<ref name="Pilot2015">O’Donovan, D., Harrower, T., Cader, S., Findley, L., Shepherd, C., Chaudhuri, A., ... & UK, E. H. (2010). [https://meassociation.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Ros-Vallings-report.doc Pathology of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Pilot Study of four autopsy cases]. In International Science Symposium 3-4–Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). Queensland, Australia: Population Health and Neuroimmunology Unit, Bond University </ref> - [https://meassociation.org.uk/2011/01/pathology-of-mecfs-pilot-study-of-four-autopsy-reports/ (Full text)] *2012, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and subsequent risk of cancer among elderly US adults<ref name="Chang2012">{{Cite journal|title=Chronic fatigue syndrome and subsequent risk of cancer among elderly US adults|date=2012-12-01|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22648858/|journal=Cancer|volume=118|issue=23|pages=5929–5936|last=Chang|first=Cindy M.|author-link=|last2=Warren|first2=Joan L.|author-link2=|last3=Engels|first3=Eric A.|author-link3=|last4=|first4=|author-link4=|last5=|first5=|author-link5=|last6=|first6=|author-link6=|last7=|first7=|last8=|first8=|last9=|first9=|language=en|doi=10.1002/cncr.27612|pmc=PMC3434293|pmid=22648858|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22648858/ (Full text)] *2010, Exploring the feasibility of establishing a disease-specific post-mortem tissue bank in the UK: a case study in ME/CFS<ref name="Lacerda2010">{{Cite journal|title=Exploring the feasibility of establishing a disease-specific post-mortem tissue bank in the UK: a case study in ME/CFS|date=2010-11-01|url=https://jcp.bmj.com/content/63/11/1032|journal=Journal of Clinical Pathology|volume=63|issue=11|pages=1032–1034|last=Lacerda|first=Eliana M.|author-link=Eliana Lacerda|last2=Nacul|first2=Luis|author-link2=Luis Nacul|last3=Pheby|first3=Derek|author-link3=Derek Pheby|last4=Shepherd|first4=Charles|author-link4=Charles Shepherd|last5=Spencer|first5=Peter|author-link5=|last6=|first6=|author-link6=|last7=|first7=|last8=|first8=|last9=|first9=|language=en|doi=10.1136/jcp.2010.082032|pmc=|pmid=20924033|access-date=|issn=0021-9746|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [http://jcp.bmj.com/content/63/11/1032.abstract?sid=1dcc758d-5e2b-4b22-af33-86ad715ff0f1 (Full text)] *2009, Coenzyme Q10 deficiency in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is related to fatigue, autonomic and neurocognitive symptoms and is another risk factor explaining the early mortality in ME/CFS due to cardiovascular disorder<ref name="Maes2009">{{Cite journal|title=Coenzyme Q10 deficiency in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is related to fatigue, autonomic and neurocognitive symptoms and is another risk factor explaining the early mortality in ME/CFS due to cardiovascular disorder|date=2009|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20010505/|journal=Neuro Endocrinology Letters|volume=30|issue=4|pages=470–476|last=Maes|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Maes|last2=Mihaylova|first2=Ivanka|author-link2=|last3=Kubera|first3=Marta|author-link3=|last4=Uytterhoeven|first4=Marc|author-link4=|last5=Vrydags|first5=Nicolas|author-link5=|last6=Bosmans|first6=Eugene|author-link6=|last7=|first7=|last8=|first8=|last9=|first9=|doi=|pmc=|pmid=20010505|access-date=|issn=0172-780X|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20010505/ (Abstract)] *2006, Causes of death among patients with chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name="Jason, Corradi, 2006" /> - [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6940506_Causes_of_Death_Among_Patients_With_Chronic_Fatigue_Syndrome (Full text)] *2006, Mortality in a cohort of chronically fatigued patients<ref name="Smith, 2006" /> - [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16893495/ (Abstract)] ==Learn more== *2012, [http://www.meassociation.org.uk/2012/08/update-on-the-mecfs-tissue-and-post-mortem-tissue-bank-me-association-24-august-2012/ Update on the ME/CFS Tissue and Post Mortem Tissue Bank] ([[ME Association]]) *2016, [http://www.meresearch.org.uk/news/mortality-in-mecfs/ Mortality in ME/CFS] ([[ME Research UK]]) *2016, [http://www.dailyrxnews.com/suicide-rates-among-those-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-could-increase-six-fold-kings-college-london Chronic Fatigue and Suicide: An Alarming Trend] ==See also== *[[Severe and very severe ME]] *[[List of deaths caused by myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome]] *[[Suicide]] *[[Medical neglect and abuse]] ==References== <references> <ref name="ONS2018">{{Cite web | url = https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/adhocs/008461mentionsofpostviralfatiguesyndromebenignmyalgicencephalomyelitisdeathsregisteredinenglandandwales2001to2016 | title = Mentions of postviral fatigue syndrome (benign myalgic encephalomyelitis), deaths registered in England and Wales, 2001 to 2016 - Office for National Statistics | website = ons.gov.uk|access-date=2019-03-06}}</ref> <ref name="Jason, Corradi, 2006">{{Cite journal | last1 = Jason | first1 = LA | author-link1 = Leonard Jason | last2 =Corradi | first2 = K | author-link2 =K Corradi | last3 = Gress | first3 = S | author-link3 =S Gress | last4 = Williams | first4 = S | author-link4 =S Williams | last5 = Torres-Harding | first5 = S | author-link5 = Susan Torres-Harding | title = Causes of death among patients with chronic fatigue syndrome | journal =[[Health Care for Women International]] | volume = 27 | issue = 7 | page = 615-26 | date = 2006 | pmid = 16844674 | doi = | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16844674| pages=|quote=|via=}}</ref> <ref name="McManimen2016">{{Cite journal | last1 = McManimen | first1 = Stephanie L. | author-link1 = Stephanie McManimen | last2 =Devendorf | first2 = Andrew R. | author-link2 =Andrew Devendorf | last3 = Brown | first3 = Abigail A. | author-link3 = Abigail Brown | last4 = Moore | first4 = Billie C. | author-link4 =Billie Moore | last5 = Moore | first5 = James H. | author-link5 = James Moore | last6 = Jason | first6 = Leonard A. | author-link6 = Leonard Jason | title = Mortality in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome | journal =Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior | volume = 4 | issue = 4 | page = 195-207 | date = 2016 | doi = 10.1080/21641846.2016.1236588 | url=https://doi.org/10.1080%2F21641846.2016.1236588| pages=|quote=|via=}}</ref> <ref name="Smith, 2006">{{Cite journal | last1 = Smith | first1 = WR | author-link1 = | last2 =Noonan | first2 = C | author-link2 = | last3 = Buchwald | first3 = D | author-link3 = Dedra Buchwald | title = Mortality in a cohort of chronically fatigued patients | journal = Psychological Medicine | volume = 36 | issue = 9 | page = 1301-6 | date = 2006 | pmid = 16893495 | doi = 10.1017/S0033291706007975 }}</ref> </references> [[Category:Core topics]] [[Category:Epidemiology]]
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