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Caffeine
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==Risks and side effects== For most adults, a limit of 400mg of caffeine daily is likely to be safe, although this may not necessarily be safe long term.<ref name="Mayo" /><ref name="FDA" /> Just four cups of brewed coffee, ten cans of cola or two typical energy shot drinks provide the maximum recommended amount of 400mg of caffeine.<ref name="Mayo" /> Caffeine sensitivity varies greatly between people so some people will experience harmful effects at much lower doses.<ref name="FDA" /> ===High doses === Large doses of caffeine can cause serious adverse reactions, including even fatalities resulting from excessive consumption, especially in the form of [[#Energy_drinks|"energy" drinks]] or [[#Caffeine_powder|caffeine powder]].<ref name="FDA">{{Cite web | title = Spilling the Beans: How Much Caffeine is Too Much? | date = 2021-12-02 | url = https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/spilling-beans-how-much-caffeine-too-much | last = Office of the Commissioner | first = | author-link = |language=en| publisher = [[Food and Drug Administration]] | access-date = 2022-05-23|quote=|via=}}</ref><ref name="Clauson2008" /><ref name="Calabro2016">{{Cite book | title = Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse | date = 2016 | chapter-url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012800634400072X | volume = 3 | pages = 723–732 | last = Calabrò| first = Rocco S. | author-link = | last2 = Naro | first2 = Antonino | author-link2 = | last3 = Bramanti | first3 = Placido | author-link3 = |isbn=978-0-12-800634-4|chapter=Chapter 72 - Caffeine and Taurine and Energy Drink Abuse|language=en|location=San Diego| publisher = Academic Press|editor-last = Preedy|editor-first = Victor R.|doi=|quote=|edition=|url=| editor1-link = |editor-last2 = |editor-first2 = | editor2-link = |veditors=|others=}}</ref><ref name="WebMD" /><ref name="Mayo" /> Caffeine is mildly addictive, but other substances found in energy drinks are more addictive.<ref name="Calabro2016" /> Caffeine withdrawal is not considered dangerous. Excessive caffeine intake causes: *[[Restlessness]] and shakiness, sometimes called "jitters" *[[Insomnia]], especially if drunk/taken in the afternoon *[[Headache]]s *[[Dizziness]] *[[Tachycardia|Fast heart rate or racing heart]] *[[Dehydration]] from increased urination *Nervousness *[[Irritability]] *[[Anxiety]] *Dependency, meaning that higher amounts of it are needed to get the same results *Upset stomach or [[heartburn]] *Reduced [[calcium]] absorption *[[hypertension|Increased blood pressure]] *Muscle [[tremor]]s<ref name="WebMD" /><ref name="Medlineplus" /><ref name="FDA" /> ===Interactions=== Caffeine may interact with certain perscription drugs or other supplements, particularly: * [[Ephedrine]], which is used in decongestants *Theophylline, a medication used to open up bronchial airways. *[[Echinacea]], a herbal supplement sometimes used to prevent [[colds]] or other [[infection]]s<ref name="Mayo" />
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