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Caffeine
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==Uses== Caffeine occurs naturally in [[coffee]], [[tea]], [[cocoa]], chocolate, [[guarana extract|guarana]], and many other plants, foods and drinks.<ref name="WebMD" /><ref name="Mayo" /> Caffeine can also be taken as a supplement and may be added to other food or drinks, especially energy drinks.<ref name="FDA" /> Caffeine is typically used for: * increased mental alertness *[[migraine]]s and [[headache]]s, including in over-the-counter and perscription drugs * improved athletic performance * to improve [[short-term memory problems|short-term memory]] * [[obesity]]/[[weight loss]] * less commonly, for [[asthma]] or gallbladder disease<ref name="WebMD" /> ===Energy drinks=== Drinks marketed as '''energy drinks''' or sometimes '''sports drinks''' typically contain a number of different stimulants, including: * high or very high doses of caffeine * high or very high amounts of simple sugars * [[taurine]] * [[guarana extract]] * [[methionine]] * [[ginseng]] * other [[amino acid]]s or natural stimulants<ref name="Clauson2008" /> Energy drink brands include such as Spike Shooter, Pimp Juice, Red Bull, and Cocaine. <ref name="Clauson2008">{{Cite journal | title = Safety issues associated with commercially available energy drinks | date = 2008-05-01 | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1544319115312097 | journal = Journal of the American Pharmacists Association | volume = 48 | issue = 3| pages = e55βe67 | last = Clauson | first = Kevin A. | last2 = Shields | first2 = Kelly M. | last3 = McQueen | first3 = Cydney E. | last4 = Persad | first4 = Nikki|language=en|doi=10.1331/JAPhA.2008.07055|issn=1544-3191}}</ref> ===Caffeine powder=== The FDA has issued a warning against the use of caffeine powder, which can provide 1200mg of caffine per 0.15 tablespoons of pure caffeine, this is three times the suggested safe daily limit and a level high enough to cause toxic effects, including [[seizure]]s.<ref name="FDA"/>
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