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Buspirone challenge test
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====== Richardson 1995 ====== [[John Richardson|Dr John Richardson]]'s 1995 study<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal | last = Richardson | first = John | date = Jan 1995 | title = Disturbance of Hypothalamic Function and Evidence for Persistent Enteroviral Infection in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | url =https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J092v01n02_05 | journal = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|language=en | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | pages = 59–66|doi=10.1300/j092v01n02_05|issn=1057-3321}}</ref> administered the buspirone challenge test to 25 ME/CFS patients (who were positive for chronic [[enterovirus]] infection, with enteroviral VP1 protein detected in their blood) as well as 25 controls. In this study Richardson measured the blood plasma prolactin level three times: the night before the test, then again in the morning just before the test, and finally again 1 hour after administering a 50 mg oral dose of buspirone as a buspirone challenge. Richardson found that patients and controls did not differ in their basal levels of plasma prolactin before the test, but the mean buspirone-stimulated release of prolactin in ME/CFS patients was 3 times greater than the release stimulated in healthy controls, a highly significant difference. In terms of the ability of this test to accurately discriminate between patients and healthy controls, Richardson found that a prolactin ratio of 2.5 and upwards encompasses 87% of patients, and a ratio of less than 2.5 encompasses a similar proportion of controls. So this means the test sensitivity and specificity are both 87% (the prolactin ratio refers to the person's buspirone-stimulated blood prolactin level, divided by the mean buspirone-stimulated prolactin level of the healthy controls). Richardson also found that the severity of [[Sleep dysfunction|shift in the sleep/wake cycle]] that the ME/CFS patients suffered from (which he termed "owl syndrome") correlated with the degree of buspirone-stimulated prolactin release he measured in the buspirone challenge test.
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