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==Notable studies == *2022, Review of the Midbrain Ascending Arousal Network Nuclei and Implications for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), Gulf War Illness (GWI) and Postexertional Malaise (PEM)<ref name="Baraniuk2022">{{Cite journal | title = Review of the Midbrain Ascending Arousal Network Nuclei and Implications for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), Gulf War Illness (GWI) and Postexertional Malaise (PEM) | date = Feb 2022 | url = https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/2/132/htm | journal = Brain Sciences | volume = 12 | issue = 2 | pages = 132 | last = Baraniuk | first = James N. | author-link = James Baraniuk|language=en|doi=10.3390/brainsci12020132|pmc=PMC8870178|pmid=35203896|access-date=|issn=2076-3425|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/2/132/htm (Full text)] *2020, Exercise alters brain activation in Gulf War Illness and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<ref name="Washington2020">{{Cite journal | last = Washington | first = Stuart D. | author-link = | last2 = Rayhan | first2 = Rakib U. | author-link2 = Rakib Rayhan | last3 = Garner | first3 = Richard | author-link3 = | last4 = Provenzano | first4 = Destie | author-link4 = | last5 = Zajur | first5 = Kristina | author-link5 = | last6 = Addiego | first6 = Florencia Martinez | author-link6 = | last7 = VanMeter | first7 = John W. | last8 = Baraniuk | first8 = James N. | author-link8 = James Baraniuk | date = 2020-07-01 | title = Exercise alters brain activation in Gulf War Illness and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | url =https://academic.oup.com/braincomms/article/2/2/fcaa070/5885074 | journal = Brain Communications|language=en | volume = 2 | issue = 2 | pages = |doi=10.1093/braincomms/fcaa070|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://academic.oup.com/braincomms/article/2/2/fcaa070/5885074 (Full text)] *2019,Β [[Evidence of widespread metabolite abnormalities in Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: assessment with whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2019) Mueller, et al|Evidence of widespread metabolite abnormalities in Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: assessment with whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy]].<ref name="Mueller2019">{{Cite journal | url = https://link.springer.com/epdf/10.1007/s11682-018-0029-4 | title = Evidence of widespread metabolite abnormalities in Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: assessment with whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy | last = Mueller | first = Christina | author-link = Christina Mueller | last2 = Lin | first2 = Joanne C | author-link2 = Joanne Lin | last3 = Sheriff | first3 = Sulaiman | author-link3 = Sulaiman Sheriff | last4 = Maudsley | first4 = Andrew A | author-link4 = Andrew Maudsley | last5 = Younger | first5 = Jarred W | author-link5 = Jarred Younger | volume = 14 | issue = | pages = 562β572| page= | journal = Brain Imaging and Behavior | date = 2019|doi=10.1007/s11682-018-0029-4|access-date=|quote=}}</ref> - [https://link.springer.com/epdf/10.1007/s11682-018-0029-4 (Full text)] *2019, Intra brainstem connectivity is impaired in chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name="brainconnectivity2019">{{Cite journal | last = Barnden | first = Leighton R | author-link = Leighton Barnden | last2 = Shan | first2 = Zack Y | author-link2 = Zack Shan | last3 = Staines | first3 = Donald R | author-link3 = Donald Staines | last4 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first4 = Sonya | author-link4 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last5 = Finegan | first5 = Kevin | author-link5 = | last6 = Ireland | first6 = Timothy | author-link6 = | last7 = Bhuta | first7 = Sandeep | date = 2019-10-19 | title = Intra brainstem connectivity is impaired in chronic fatigue syndrome | url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158219303924 | journal = NeuroImage: Clinical | volume = 24 | issue = | pages = 102045|doi=10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102045|issn=2213-1582|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158219303924 (Full text)] *2018, Structural brain changes versus self-report: machine-learning classification of chronic fatigue syndrome patients<ref name="Staud2018">{{Cite journal | last = Staud | first = Roland | author-link = Roland Staud | last2 = Robinson | first2 = Michael E. | author-link2 = | last3 = Letzen | first3 = Janelle E. | author-link3 = | last4 = Boissoneault | first4 = Jeff | author-link4 = | last5 = Sevel | first5 = Landrew S. | author-link5 = | date = 2018-08-01 | title = Structural brain changes versus self-report: machine-learning classification of chronic fatigue syndrome patients |url =https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00221-018-5301-8 | journal = Experimental Brain Research|language=en | volume = 236 | issue = 8 | pages = 2245β2253|doi=10.1007/s00221-018-5301-8|issn=1432-1106|pmc=|pmid=29846797|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00221-018-5301-8 (Abstract)] *2018, Cortical hypoactivation during resting EEG suggests central nervous system pathology in patients with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]<ref name="Zinn, 2018">{{Citation | last1 = Zinn | first1 = Mark A. | author-link1 = Mark Zinn | last2 = Zinn | first2 = Marcie L. | author-link2 = Marcie Zinn | last3 = Valencia | first3 = Ian | author-link3 = Ian Valencia | last4 = Jason | first4 = Leonard A. | author-link4 = Leonard Jason | last5 = Montoya | first5 = Jose G. | author-link5 = Jose Montoya | title = Cortical hypoactivation during resting EEG suggests central nervous system pathology in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome | journal = Biological Psychology | volume = 136 | issue = 1 | page = 87-99 | date = 2018 | pmid = | doi = 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.05.016 }}</ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301051118304071 (Abstract)] *2018, Brain function characteristics of [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]: A task fMRI study<ref name="Shan2018">{{Cite journal | last = Shan | first = Zack Y. | last2 = Finegan | first2 = Kevin | last3 = Bhuta | first3 = Sandeep | last4 = Ireland | first4 = Timothy | last5 = Staines | first5 = Donald R. | last6 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first6 = Sonya M. | last7 = Barnden | first7 = Leighton R. | date = 2018-01-01|others=National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases; Medical Imaging Dept., Gold Coast Hosp. | title = Brain function characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome: A task fMRI study | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158218301347 | journal = NeuroImage: Clinical|language=en | volume = 19 | pages = 279β286|doi=10.1016/j.nicl.2018.04.025|issn=2213-1582|via=Elsevier}}</ref> [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158218301347 (Full Text)] [[File:Brain function characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome A task fMRI study (2018).jpeg|400px|thumb|center|Brain function characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome: A task fMRI study (2018) <ref name="Shan2018" /> ]] *2018, Neuroinflammation in the Brain of Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<ref name="Nakatomi, 2018">{{Cite journal | last1 = Nakatomi | first1 = Y | author-link1 = | last2 = Kuratsune | first2 = H | author-link2 = | last3 = Watanabe | first3 = Y | author-link3 = Yasuyoshi Watanabe | title = Neuroinflammation in the Brain of Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | journal = Brain Nerve | volume = 70 | issue = 1 | page = 19-25 | date = 2018 | pmid = 29348371| doi = 10.11477/mf.1416200945}}</ref> *2018, Hyperintense sensorimotor T1 spin echo [[MRI]] is associated with brainstem abnormality in [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]<ref name="Shan2018hyperintense">{{Cite journal | last = Barnden | first = Leighton R. | last2 = Shan | first2 = Zack Y. | last3 = Staines | first3 = Donald R. | author-link3 = Donald Staines | last4 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first4 = Sonya | author-link4 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last5 = Finegan | first5 = Kevin | last6 = Ireland | first6 = Timothy | last7 = Bhuta | first7 = Sandeep | date = 2018 | title = Hyperintense sensorimotor T1 spin echo MRI is associated with brainstem abnormality in chronic fatigue syndrome | url =https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158218302237 | journal = NeuroImage: Clinical | volume = 20 | pages = 102-109|doi=10.1016/j.nicl.2018.07.011|via=}}</ref> [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158218302237 (Full Text)] *2018, Brain abnormalities in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: Evaluation by diffusional kurtosis imaging and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging<ref name="Kimura2018">{{Cite journal | last = Kimura | first = Yukio | last2 = Sato | first2 = Noriko | last3 = Ota | first3 = Miho | last4 = Shigemoto | first4 = Yoko | last5 = Morimoto | first5 = Emiko | last6 = Enokizono | first6 = Mikako | last7 = Matsuda | first7 = Hiroshi | last8 = Shin | first8 = Isu | last9 = Amano | first9 = Keiko | date = 2018-11-14 | title = Brain abnormalities in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: Evaluation by diffusional kurtosis imaging and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging | url =https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jmri.26247 | journal = Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging|language=en|doi=10.1002/jmri.26247|issn=1053-1807}}</ref> [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jmri.26247?af=R (Abstract)] *2017, Multimodal and simultaneous assessments of brain and spinal fluid abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome and the effects of psychiatric comorbidity<ref name="Natelson, 2017"/> - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc5393352/ (Full text)] *2017, CNS findings in chronic fatigue syndrome and a neuropathological case report<ref name="Ferrero, 2017">{{Cite journal | last1 = Ferrero | first1 = Kimberly| author-link1 = | last2 = Silver | first2 = Mitchell | author-link2 = | last3 = Cocchetto | first3 = Alan | author-link3 = | last4 = Masliah | first4 = Eliezer | author-link4 = | last5 = Langford | first5 = Dianne | author-link5 = | title = CNS findings in chronic fatigue syndrome and a neuropathological case report | journal = Journal of Investigative Medicine| volume = 65 | issue = 6 | pages = 974-983 | date = 2017 | url = https://jim.bmj.com/content/65/6/974.abstract | doi = 10.1136/jim-2016-000390}}</ref> - [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kimberly-Ferrero-2/publication/315827144_CNS_findings_in_chronic_fatigue_syndrome_and_a_neuropathological_case_report/links/5a6b57d1458515b2d055bd0d/CNS-findings-in-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-and-a-neuropathological-case-report.pdf (Full text)] *2017, Grey and white matter differences in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome β A voxel-based morphometry study<ref name="Finkelmeyer, 2017" /> *2016, Progressive brain changes in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: A longitudinal MRI study<ref name="Shan2016">{{cite journal | last1 = Shan | first1 = ZY | author-link1 =Zack Shan | last2 = Kwiatek | first2 = R | author-link2 = Richard Kwiatek | last3 = Burnet | first3 = R | author-link3 = | last4 = Del Fante | first4 = P | author-link4 = Peter Del Fante | last5 = Staines | first5 = DR | author-link5 = Donald Staines | last6 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first6 = SM | author-link6 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last7 = Barnden | first7 = LR | author-link8 = Leighton Barnden| title = Progressive brain changes in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: A longitudinal MRI study| journal = Journal of magnetic resonance imaging: JMRI| date = 2016-04-28 | volume=44 | issue = | pages = 1301-1311 | pmid = 27123773 | doi = 10.1002/jmri.25283| url = http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmri.25283/abstract;jsessionid=070BE1111DE3D52AC62FD00B68E96028.f03t01 }}</ref> - [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmri.25283/abstract;jsessionid=070BE1111DE3D52AC62FD00B68E96028.f03t01 (Full text)] *2016, Relative increase in choline in the occipital cortex in chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name="Puri2002" /> - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12197861 (Abstract)] *2016,Β A multi-modal parcellation of human cerebral cortex -Β [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature18933.html (Full text)]<ref name="Glasser2016">{{Cite journal | last = Glasser | first = Matthew F. | last2 = Coalson | first2 = Timothy S. | last3 = Robinson | first3 = Emma C. | last4 = Hacker | first4 = Carl D. | last5 = Harwell | first5 = John | last6 = Yacoub | first6 = Essa | last7 = Ugurbil | first7 = Kamil | last8 = Andersson | first8 = Jesper | last9 = Beckmann | first9 = Christian F. | date = 2016-07-20 | title = A multi-modal parcellation of human cerebral cortex | url = https://www.nature.com/articles/nature18933 | journal = Nature|language=en | volume = 536 | issue = 7615 | pages = 171β178|doi=10.1038/nature18933|issn=0028-0836}}</ref> *2014, Right Arcuate Fasciculus Abnormality in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<ref name="Zeineh2014"/> - [http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/abs/10.1148/radiol.14141079 (Abstract)]
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