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Boudewijn Van Houdenhove
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=== Complex regional pain syndrome === An unexplained disorder Van Houdenhove focused on at the begining of his career, was '''reflex sympathetic dystrophy''' (RSD)<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Bruehl | first = S. | last2 = Husfeldt | first2 = B. | last3 = Lubenow | first3 = T.R. | last4 = Nath | first4 = H. | last5 = Ivankovich | first5 = A.D. | date = Sep 1996 | title = Psychological differences between reflex sympathetic dystrophy and non-RSD chronic pain patients |url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8895237 | journal = Pain | volume = 67 | issue = 1 | pages = 107–114|doi=10.1016/0304-3959(96)81973-7|issn=0304-3959|pmid=8895237|pmc=|quote=|access-date=|via=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Van Houdenhove | first = B. | last2 = Vasquez | first2 = G. | date = Sep 1993 | title = Is there a relationship between reflex sympathetic dystrophy and helplessness? Case reports and a hypothesis |url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8307346 | journal = General Hospital Psychiatry | volume = 15 | issue = 5 | pages = 325–329|issn=0163-8343|pmid=8307346|doi=|pmc=|quote=|via=}}</ref> also known as [[complex regional pain syndrome]] (CRPS). In these patients a portion of the body (an arm, hand, leg or foot) becomes chronically impaired, usually after an injury. The cause remains unknown to this day.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/complex-regional-pain-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20371151 | title = Complex regional pain syndrome - Symptoms and causes | website = Mayo Clinic|language=en | access-date = 2019-09-14}}</ref> Back in the early 1990s Van Houdenhove emphasized the psychosocial elements that come into play in CRPS and controversially claimed these to be not only perpetuating but also precipitating factors<ref name=":12" />: <blockquote>"Our basic assumption is that patients suffering from RSD are at the time of the physical trauma confronted with a dramatic psychological situation that they experience as an existential loss i.e. a loss that fundamentally threatens an important life perspective with which they cannot adequately cope. […] More specifically the patient’s reaction to loss appears to be characterized by helplessness, i.e. a set of cognitive motivational and emotional deficits usually resulting from chronic uncontrollable stress and leading to passive withdrawal, decrease of self-esteem [[anxiety]] and [[depression]] as well [[neuroendocrine system|neuroendocrine]] and [[autonomic nervous system]] changes."<ref name=":12">Van Houdenhove B, Vasquez G, Onghena P, Stans L, Vandeput C, Vermaut G, Vervaeke G, Igodt P, Vertommen H. (1992). [[pubmed:1493341|Etiopathogenesis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: a review and biopsychosocial hypothesis]]. Clin J Pain. 1992 Dec;8(4):300-6.</ref> </blockquote> Van Houdenhove speculated that this maladaptive coping reaction was related to certain [[Personality traits and patient attitudes in ME/CFS|personality traits]] like narcissism and hysteria.<ref name=":12" /> Although his theory was criticized<ref>Goris. R.J.A. and Van Spaendonck K.P.M. (1991). [https://www.ntvg.nl/system/files/publications/1991105450001a.pdf Conversief of somatisch?] Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde; 135 nr.13.</ref><ref>Van Houdenhove B. (October 1991). [https://www.ntvg.nl/artikelen/conversief-somatisch/ingezonden-mededelingen#1207833 Conversief of somatisch?]</ref> at the time, many aspects of it would return in his view on chronic fatigue syndrome. In 2003 for example Van Houdenhove wrote that the evidence of a relationship between CFS/[[Fibromyalgia|FM]] and complex regional pain syndrome type I deserves further research: <blockquote>"In the three disorders, symptoms and disability may be perpetuated by similar factors, such as [[Sleep dysfunction|disturbed sleep]], comorbid [[anxiety]] and [[depression]], and activity avoidance, resulting in physical [[deconditioning]]."<ref>Van Houdenhove B. Chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and complex regional pain syndrome type I. Psychosomatics. 2003 Mar-Apr;44(2):173-4. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[https://www.psychosomaticsjournal.com/article/S0033-3182(03)70314-4/fulltext 10.1176/appi.psy.44.2.173] [[PubMed Identifier|PMID]] [[pubmed:12618538|12618538]]</ref> </blockquote>
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