Anonymous
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Search
Editing
Biomedical research
From MEpedia, a crowd-sourced encyclopedia of ME and CFS science and history
Namespaces
Page
Discussion
More
More
Page actions
Read
Edit
Edit source
History
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
'''Biomedical research''' is basic medical research on organisms, such as humans or other living things, that helps increase medical knowledge.<ref name="Fundamentals">{{Cite book | title = Fundamentals of U.S. Health Care: An Introduction for Health Professionals | pages = 394|isbn=978-1-317-21676-6|edition= | volume = |language=en| title-link = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LUQlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA394&lpg=PA394&dq=research+biomedical+medical+types&hl=en|access-date= | date = 2017-04-07| publisher = Taylor & Francis | last = Moini | first = Jahangir | author-link = | last2 = Moini | first2 = Morvarid | author-link2 = |veditors=|others=|doi=|oclc=|quote=|archive-url=|archive-date=|location=|editor-last = |editor-first = | editor1-link = |editor-last2 = |editor-first2 = }}</ref> The [[National Institutes of Health|National Institutes of Health's]] Library of Medicine defines biomedical research as research "conducted to increase fundamental knowledge and understanding of the physical, chemical and functional mechanisms of human life processes and diseases."<ref name="nlm">{{Cite web | url = https://www.nlm.nih.gov/tsd/acquisitions/cdm/subjects16.html | title = Biomedical Research - U.S. National Library of Medicine Collection Development Manual | last = | first = | author-link = | date = | website = [[National Institutes of Health]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status= | access-date = 2019-01-30}}</ref> Other definitions include investigating biological processes and disease in both humans and animals.<ref name="Whatis">{{Cite web | url = https://ca-biomed.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/FS-WhatBiomedical.pdf | title=What is Biomedical Research? | last = | first = | author-link = | date = February 2018 | website = ca-biomed.org| publisher = California Biomedical Research Association| archive-url = | archive-date = |url-status = | access-date=January 29, 2019}}</ref> ==Biomedical researchers == Given the breadth of the biomedical research field, this can involve a wide range of researchers and types of investigations. A given biomedical research team might include an array of specialists in different fields: * biomedical scientists * physicians (medical doctors) * biochemists * biologists * pharmacologists * nurses * veterinarians * lab technicians * scientists from the different life science fields including chemists and physicists.<ref name="Whatis" /> <ref name="Fundamentals" /> ==Types of research == Biomedical research might conduct basic or applied research, lab research or clinical trials, and other kinds of investigations.<ref name="Whatis" /> ==ME/CFS == Biomedical research funding for ME/CFS has been extremely limited, with a large proportion of funding coming directly from patients and the general public rather than from government health authorities or pharmaceutical companies.{{citation needed | date = 2021}} Most research for [[ME/CFS]] has been for psychosomatic or psychosocial research, for example the UK's [[PACE trial]] cost £5 million and investigated only [[cognitive behavioral therapy|psychological]] and [[graded exercise therapy|behavioral]] treatments for ME/CFS, with close to £1 million more spent unsuccessfully attempting to prevent the full release of the data collected.{{citation needed | date = 2021}} ===Examples === Example of biomedical research for ME/CFS include: * finding [[evidence of widespread metabolite abnormalities in Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: assessment with whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2019) Mueller, et al|widespread metabolite abnormalities]]<ref name="Mueller2019">{{Cite journal | url = https://link.springer.com/epdf/10.1007/s11682-018-0029-4 | title = Evidence of widespread metabolite abnormalities in Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: assessment with whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy | last = Mueller | first = Christina | author-link = Christina Mueller | last2 = Lin | first2 = Joanne C | author-link2 = Joanne Lin | date = 2019|doi=10.1007/s11682-018-0029-4|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status= | access-date = 2019-01-17 | author-link3 = Sulaiman Sheriff | author-link4 = Andrew Maudsley | author-link5 = Jarred Younger | last3 = Sheriff | last4 = Maudsley | last5 = Younger | first3 = Sulaiman | first4 = Andrew A| first5 = Jarred W | volume = | issue = | pages = | page = | journal = Brain Imaging and Behavior}}</ref><ref name="RamsayAward20190117">{{Cite web | url = http://go.solvecfs.org/webmail/192652/97033877/74d435097e87231f24cffe4d9de93da8e3f71c0e077a67417eba10cbd269ccb1 | title = Brain Imaging and Behavior publication from Dr. Jarred Younger’s SMCI Ramsay pilot study supports involvement of neuroinflammation in ME/CFS | website = go.solvecfs.org | access-date = 2019-01-17 | date = | last = | first = | author-link = |archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=}}</ref> * [[Brain]] studies finding [[neuroinflammation]] in ME/CFS<ref name="Mueller2019" /><ref name="Nakatomi2014">{{Cite journal | last = Nakatomi | first = Yasuhito | last2 = Mizuno | first2 = Kei | last3 = Ishii | first3 = Akira | last4 = Wada | first4 = Yasuhiro | last5 = Tanaka | first5 = Masaaki | last6 = Tazawa | first6 = Shusaku | last7 = Onoe | first7 = Kayo | last8 = Fukuda | first8 = Sanae | last9 = Kawabe | first9 = Joji | date = 2014-06-01 | title = Neuroinflammation in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: An 11C-(R)-PK11195 PET Study | url = http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/55/6/945 | journal = Journal of Nuclear Medicine|language=en | volume = 55 | issue = 6 | pages = 945–950|doi=10.2967/jnumed.113.131045|issn=0161-5505|pmid=24665088}}</ref><ref name="Zeineh2014">{{citation | last = Zeineh | first1 = Michael M | author-link1 = Michael Zeineh | last2 = Kang | first2 = James | author-link2 = James Kang | last3 = Atlas | first3 = Scott W | author-link3 = Scott Atlas | last4 = Raman | first4 = Mira M | author-link4 = Mira Raman | last5 = Reiss | first5 = Allan L | author-link5 = Allan Reiss | last6 =Norris | first6 = Jane L | author-link6 = Jane Norris | last7 = Valencia | first7 = Ian | author-link8 = Ian Valencia | last8 = Montoya | first8 = Jose G | author-link8 = Jose Montoya | title = Right Arcuate Fasciculus Abnormality in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome| journal = Radiology | volume = 274 | issue = 2| pages = 517–526 | date = 2014-10-29| doi = 10.1148/radiol.14141079| url= http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/abs/10.1148/radiol.14141079}}</ref><ref name="RamsayAward20190117">{{Cite web | url = http://go.solvecfs.org/webmail/192652/97033877/74d435097e87231f24cffe4d9de93da8e3f71c0e077a67417eba10cbd269ccb1 | title = Brain Imaging and Behavior publication from Dr. Jarred Younger’s SMCI Ramsay pilot study supports involvement of neuroinflammation in ME/CFS | website = go.solvecfs.org | access-date = 2019-01-17 | date = | last = | first = | author-link = |archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=}}</ref> * the creation of a test to simulate post-exertional malaise by using salt to test mitochondria responses to biochemical stress in a patient blood sample<ref name="Davis2019">{{Cite journal | last = Davis | first = R.W. | author-link = Ronald Davis | last2 = Wilhelmy | first2 = J. | author-link2 = Julie Wilhelmy | last3 = Nemat-Gorgani | first3 = M. | author-link3 = Mohsen Nemat-Gorgani | last4 = Kashi | first4 = A. | author-link4 = Alex Kashi | last5 = Esfandyarpour | first5 = R. | author-link5 = Rahim Esfandyarpour | date = Apr 25, 2019 | title = A nanoelectronics-blood-based diagnostic biomarker for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) | url = https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/04/24/1901274116 | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en | volume = 116 | issue = 21 | pages = 10250-10257|doi=10.1073/pnas.1901274116|issn=0027-8424|pmid=31036648|quote=|via=}}</ref> * multiple studies finding immune dysregulation including reduced [[natural killer cell]] function,<ref>{{Cite journal | title = Role of adaptive and innate immune cells in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis |url =http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24343819 | journal = International Immunology | date = Apr 2014|issn=1460-2377|pmid=24343819 | pages = 233–242 | volume = 26 | issue = 4|doi=10.1093/intimm/dxt068| first = Ekua Weba | last = Brenu | first2 = Teilah K. | last2 = Huth | first3 = Sharni L. | last3 = Hardcastle | first4 = Kirsty | last4 = Fuller | first5 = Manprit | last5 = Kaur | first6 = Samantha | last6 = Johnston | first7 = Sandra B. | last7 = Ramos | first8 = Don R. | last8 = Staines | first9 = Sonya M. | last9 = Marshall-Gradisnik}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Victoria Scott | first = David Strayer | date = 2015 | title = Low NK Cell Activity in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) and Relationship to Symptom Severity | url = https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/low-nk-cell-activity-in-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-cfs-and-relationship-to-symptom-severity-2155-9899-1000348.php?aid=59415 | journal = Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology|language=en | volume = 6 | issue = 4|doi=10.4172/2155-9899.1000348|issn=2155-9899}}</ref> and [[cytokine]] dysregulation<ref name="Montoya, 2017">{{citation | last1 = Montoya | first1 = Jose G. | author-link1 = Jose Montoya | last2 = Holmes | first2 = Tyson H. | author-link2 = | last3 = Anderson | first3 = Jill N. | author-link3 = | last4 = Maecker | first4 = Holden T. | author-link4 = | last5 = Rosenberg-Hasson | first5 = Yael | author-link5 = | last6 = Valencia | first6 = Ian J. | author-link6 = | last7 = Chu | first7 = Lily| author-link8 = Lily Chu | last8 = Younger | first8 = Jarred W. | author-link8 = Jarred Younger | last9 = Tato | first9 = Cristina M. | author-link9 = | last10= Davis | first10 = Mark M. | author-link10 = Mark Davis| title = Cytokine signature associated with disease severity in chronic fatigue syndrome patients| journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 114 | issue = 34 | page = E7150-E7158| date = 2017 | pmid = | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1710519114 }}</ref> elevated numbers of [[regulatory T cell]]s<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Brenu | first = Ekua Weba | last2 = Huth | first2 = Teilah K. | last3 = Hardcastle | first3 = Sharni L. | last4 = Fuller | first4 = Kirsty | last5 = Kaur | first5 = Manprit | last6 = Johnston | first6 = Samantha | last7 = Ramos | first7 = Sandra B. | last8 = Staines | first8 = Don R. | last9 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first9 = Sonya M. | date = Apr 2014 | title = Role of adaptive and innate immune cells in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis |url =http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24343819 | journal = International Immunology | volume = 26 | issue = 4 | pages = 233–242|doi=10.1093/intimm/dxt068|issn=1460-2377|pmid=24343819}}</ref> and increased [[mast cell]] populations<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Rönnberg | first = E | last2 = Calounova | first2 = G | last3 = Pejler | first3 = G | date = June 2017 | title = Novel characterisation of mast cell phenotypes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis patients |url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27362406 | journal = Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol | volume = 35 | issue = 2 | pages = 75-81|via=}}</ref> * [[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study]] * [[NIH Post-Infectious ME/CFS Study]] ==Clinical research == Clinical research differs from biomedical research in that it focuses on patients only, for example clinical trials of different medical treatments have found that some drugs reduce certain symptoms, such as [[pain]], but no drugs tested have been able to directly address the core symptoms of ME/CFS.{{citation needed | date = 2021}} ==Funding == {{Main article|National Institutes of Health funding}} ==See also== * [[Biomedical Research into ME Colloquium]] * [[Research bias in ME/CFS]] * [[List of abnormal findings in chronic fatigue syndrome and myalgic encephalomyelitis]] * [[:Category:Research terminology|Research terminology]] (category) == Learn more == ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Research terminology]]
Summary:
Please make sure your edits are consistent with
MEpedia's guidelines
.
By saving changes, you agree to the
Terms of use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 3.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)
Templates used on this page:
Template:Category handler
(
edit
)
Template:Citation
(
edit
)
Template:Citation needed
(
edit
)
Template:Cite book
(
edit
)
Template:Cite journal
(
edit
)
Template:Cite web
(
edit
)
Template:Colon
(
edit
)
Template:Digits
(
edit
)
Template:Fix
(
edit
)
Template:Fix/category
(
view source
) (protected)
Template:GetFallback
(
edit
)
Template:LangSwitch
(
edit
)
Template:Last word
(
edit
)
Template:Main article
(
edit
)
Template:Main other
(
edit
)
Template:Reflist
(
edit
)
Template:Str len
(
edit
)
Template:Uselang
(
edit
)
Template:Year
(
edit
)
Module:Arguments
(
edit
)
Module:Category handler
(
edit
)
Module:Category handler/blacklist
(
edit
)
Module:Category handler/config
(
edit
)
Module:Category handler/data
(
edit
)
Module:Category handler/shared
(
edit
)
Module:Check for unknown parameters
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist
(
edit
)
Module:Namespace detect/config
(
edit
)
Module:Namespace detect/data
(
edit
)
Module:No globals
(
edit
)
Module:String
(
edit
)
Module:Unsubst
(
edit
)
Module:Yesno
(
edit
)
This page is a member of 2 hidden categories:
Category:All articles with unsourced statements
Category:Articles with unsourced statements from 2021
Navigation
Navigation
Skip to content
Main page
Browse
Become an editor
Random page
Popular pages
Abbreviations
Glossary
About MEpedia
Links for editors
Contents
Guidelines
Recent changes
Pages in need
Search
Help
Wiki tools
Wiki tools
Special pages
Page tools
Page tools
User page tools
More
What links here
Related changes
Page information
Page logs