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[[File:Dr. Benjamin Natelson.png|thumb|Source: Pain and Fatigue Study Center]]
[[File:Dr. Benjamin Natelson.png|thumb|Source: Pain and Fatigue Study Center]]
Dr. '''Benjamin Natelson''', is a Neurologist with post-doctoral training in Behavioral Medicine. He is head of the [http://www.painandfatigue.com/index.html Pain and Fatigue Study Center] in New York City which specializes in treating and researching [[ME/CFS|myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome]] (ME/CFS), [[fibromyalgia]] (FM), and severe pain and fatigue illnesses. He is, also, an Emeritus Professor of Neurology and Neurosciences at Rutgers and Professor of Neurology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai.
Dr. '''Benjamin Natelson''', is a neurologist with post-doctoral training in Behavioral Medicine. He is head of the Pain and Fatigue Study Center in New York City which specializes in treating and researching ME/CFS|myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), [[fibromyalgia]] (FM), and severe pain and fatigue illnesses. He is, also, an Emeritus Professor of Neurology and Neurosciences at Rutgers and Professor of Neurology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai.<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.painandfatigue.com/index.html | title = Pain and Fatigue Study Center - Welcome | access-date = 2020-04-23}}</ref>




==Awards==
==Awards==


*2009, Rudy Perpich Senior Lectureship Award, presented to a distinguished CFS/FM scientist, physician or healthcare worker awarded by [[IACFS/ME]]<ref>http://iacfsme.org/Organization/Former-IACFS-ME-Awardees.aspx</ref>
*2009, Rudy Perpich Senior Lectureship Award, presented to a distinguished CFS/FM scientist, physician or healthcare worker awarded by [[IACFS/ME]]<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.iacfsme.org/iacfs-me-awardees | title = IACFS/ME Awardees | website =
IACFS/ME | access-date = 2020-04-23}}</ref>


==Education==
==Education==
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===Medscape Continuing Medicine Education===
===Medscape Continuing Medicine Education===
*2013, [http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/782106_transcript ''A Case-Based Approach to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome''] was a Medscape Continuing Medicine Education program co-authored by Dr [[Lisa Corbin]], Dr [[Anthony Komaroff]], Dr [[Benjamin Natelson]], and Dr Peter Rowe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/782106_transcript|title=A Case-Based Approach to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|last=Corbin|first=Lisa|authorlink=Lisa Corbin|last2=Komaroff|first2=Anthony L.|authorlink2=Anthony Komaroff|date=|website=Medscape|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-10-11|last3=Natelson Peter C. Rowe|first3=Benjamin H.|authorlink3=Benjamin Natelson|last4=Rowe|first4=Peter|authorlink4=Peter Rowe}}</ref>
*2013, [http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/782106_transcript ''A Case-Based Approach to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome''] was a Medscape Continuing Medicine Education program co-authored by Dr [[Lisa Corbin]], Dr [[Anthony Komaroff]], Dr [[Benjamin Natelson]], and Dr Peter Rowe.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/782106_transcript | title = A Case-Based Approach to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | last = Corbin | first = Lisa | author-link = Lisa Corbin | last2 = Komaroff | first2 = Anthony L. | author-link2 = Anthony Komaroff | date = | website = Medscape| archive-url = | archive-date = |url-status = | access-date=2019-10-11 | last3 = Natelson Peter C. Rowe | first3 = Benjamin H. | author-link3 = Benjamin Natelson | last4 = Rowe | first4 = Peter | author-link4 = Peter Rowe}}</ref>


===Committee on the Diagnostic Criteria===
===IOM Committee on Diagnostic Criteria for ME/CFS===
*2015, Dr. Natelson was one of the experts on the "Committee on the Diagnostic Criteria for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome" that was convened for the 2015 [[Institute of Medicine report]].<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK284904/</ref>
*2015, Dr. Natelson was one of the experts on the "Committee on the Diagnostic Criteria for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome" that was convened for the 2015 [[Institute of Medicine report]].<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK284904/</ref>


===ME/CFS Common Data Element (CDE) Project===
===ME/CFS Common Data Element (CDE) Project===
*2018, Member of the Neurologic/Cognitive/CNS Imaging Working Group of the Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Common Data Element (CDE) Project sponsored by the [[National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke]] and the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.commondataelements.ninds.nih.gov/Myalgic%20Encephalomyelitis/Chronic%20Fatigue%20Syndrome#pane-138|title=Complete Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome CDE Roster|last=|first=|authorlink=|last2=|first2=|authorlink2=|date=|website=NIH|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-10-11}}</ref>
*2018, Member of the Neurologic/Cognitive/CNS Imaging Working Group of the Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Common Data Element (CDE) Project sponsored by the [[National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke]] and the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.commondataelements.ninds.nih.gov/Myalgic%20Encephalomyelitis/Chronic%20Fatigue%20Syndrome#pane-138 | title = Complete Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome CDE Roster | last = | first = | author-link = | date = | website = NIH| archive-url = | archive-date = |url-status = | access-date=2019-10-11}}</ref>


==Notable studies==
==Notable studies==
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:A more complete list of Dr. Natelson's ME/CFS and FM research studies can be found at The Pain and Fatigue Study Center's [http://www.painandfatigue.com/scientific_publications.html Scientific Publications Link].
:A more complete list of Dr. Natelson's ME/CFS and FM research studies can be found at The Pain and Fatigue Study Center's [http://www.painandfatigue.com/scientific_publications.html Scientific Publications Link].


*1998, Measurement of CO2 in [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] Patients<ref>Marc H. Lavietes, Michael T. Bergen, and Benjamin H. Natelson. (1998). Measurement of CO2 in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients. ''Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome'', Vol. 4, Iss. 3, pp. 3-11 . http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v04n03_02</ref> [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J092v04n03_02 (Abstract)]
*1998, Measurement of CO2 in [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] Patients<ref>Marc H. Lavietes, Michael T. Bergen, and Benjamin H. Natelson. (1998). Measurement of CO2 in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients. ''Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome'', Vol. 4, Iss. 3, pp. 3-11 . http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v04n03_02</ref> - [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J092v04n03_02 (Abstract)]
*1998, Relation between neuropsychological impairment and functional disability in patients with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]<ref>Christodoulou, C., DeLuca, J., Lange, G., Johnson, S., Sisto, S. A., Korn, L., & Natelson, B. (1998). Relation between neuropsychological impairment and functional disability in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 64(4), 431–434.</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2170049/pdf/v064p00431.pdf (Full Article)]
*1998, Relation between neuropsychological impairment and functional disability in patients with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]<ref>Christodoulou, C., DeLuca, J., Lange, G., Johnson, S., Sisto, S. A., Korn, L., & Natelson, B. (1998). Relation between neuropsychological impairment and functional disability in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 64(4), 431–434.</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2170049/pdf/v064p00431.pdf (Full Article)]
*1999, Impaired oxygen delivery to muscle in [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]<ref>Kevin K. McCully and Benjamin H. Natelson. (1999). Impaired oxygen delivery to muscle in chronic fatigue syndrome. Clinical Science (London). 1999 Nov;97(5):603-8. PMID: 10545311</ref> [http://www.clinsci.org/content/ppclinsci/97/5/603.full.pdf (Full Article)]
*1999, Impaired oxygen delivery to muscle in [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]<ref>Kevin K. McCully and Benjamin H. Natelson. (1999). Impaired oxygen delivery to muscle in chronic fatigue syndrome. Clinical Science (London). 1999 Nov;97(5):603-8. PMID: 10545311</ref> - [http://www.clinsci.org/content/ppclinsci/97/5/603.full.pdf (Full Article)]
*2000, Psychiatric Comorbidity and Somatic Distress in Sudden and Gradual Onset [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]<ref name="Cukor, 2000" /> [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240741776_Psychiatric_Comorbidity_and_Somatic_Distress_in_Sudden_and_Gradual_Onset_Chronic_Fatigue_Syndrome (Full Article)]
*2000, Psychiatric Comorbidity and Somatic Distress in Sudden and Gradual Onset [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]<ref name="Cukor, 2000" /> - [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240741776_Psychiatric_Comorbidity_and_Somatic_Distress_in_Sudden_and_Gradual_Onset_Chronic_Fatigue_Syndrome (Full Article)]
*2001, Health-Related Personality Variables in [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] and [[Multiple Sclerosis]]<ref>{{Cite journal|first1=Susan K.|last1=Johnson|authorlink1=Susan Johnson|authorlink2=Gudrun Lange|last2 =Lange|first2=Gudrun| |first3=Lana|last3=Tiersky|authorlink3=Lana Tiersky|first4=John|last4=Deluca|authorlink4=John Deluca|last5=Natelson|authorlink5=Benjamin Natelson|first5=Benjamin H.|date=2001|title=Health-Related Personality Variables in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Multiple Sclerosis|journal=Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|volume=8|issue=3-4|page=41-52|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v08n03_05|doi=10.1300/J092v08n03_05}}</ref> [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J092v08n03_05?journalCode=icfs20 (Abstract)]
*2001, Health-Related Personality Variables in [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] and [[Multiple Sclerosis]]<ref>{{Cite journal | first1 = Susan K. | last1 = Johnson | author-link = Susan Johnson | author-link2 = Gudrun Lange | last2 =Lange | first2 = Gudrun | first3 = Lana | last3 = Tiersky | author-link3 = Lana Tiersky | first4 = John | last4 = Deluca | author-link4 = John Deluca | last5 = Natelson | author-link5 = Benjamin Natelson | first5 = Benjamin H. | date = 2001 | title = Health-Related Personality Variables in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Multiple Sclerosis | journal = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | volume = 8 | issue = 3-4| page=41-52 | url = http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v08n03_05|doi=10.1300/J092v08n03_05}}</ref> - [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J092v08n03_05?journalCode=icfs20 (Abstract)]
*2001, Detection of Immunologically Significant Factors for [[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] Using Neural-Network Classifiers<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hanson|first=S. J.|last2=Gause|first2=W.|last3=Natelson|first3=B.|author-link3=Benjamin Natelson|date=1 May 2001|title=Detection of Immunologically Significant Factors for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Using Neural-Network Classifiers|url=http://cvi.asm.org/content/8/3/658|journal=Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology|language=en|volume=8|issue=3|pages=658–662|doi=10.1128/CDLI.8.3.658-662.2001|issn=1556-6811|pmc=|pmid=11329477|via=}}</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC96120/ (Full Text)]
*2001, Detection of Immunologically Significant Factors for [[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] Using Neural-Network Classifiers<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Hanson | first = S.J. | last2 = Gause | first2 = W. | last3 = Natelson | first3 = B. | author-link3 = Benjamin Natelson | date = May 1, 2001 | title = Detection of Immunologically Significant Factors for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Using Neural-Network Classifiers |url =http://cvi.asm.org/content/8/3/658 | journal = Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology|language=en | volume = 8 | issue = 3 | pages = 658–662|doi=10.1128/CDLI.8.3.658-662.2001|issn=1556-6811|pmc=|pmid=11329477|via=}}</ref> - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC96120/ (Full Text)]
*2003, Perceived exertion in fatiguing illness: civilians with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]<ref name="Cook, 2003" /> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12673137 (Abstract)]
*2001, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Natelson | first1 = BH | author-link = Benjamin Natelson | date = May 2001 | title = Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | url = https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/193852  | journal = JAMA  | volume = 285  | issue = 20 | pages = 2557–2559 |doi= | access-date = 2020-05-07 }}</ref> - [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/193852 (Abstract)]
*2004, Cognitive Function Index for Patients with [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]<ref>Michael Brimacombe, [[Gudrun Lange]], Kim Bisuchio, Donald S. Ciccone & Benjamin Natelson. (2004). Cognitive Function Index for Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. ''Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome'', Vol. 12, Iss. 4, pp. 3-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v12n04_02</ref> [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J092v12n04_02 (Abstract)]
*2003, Perceived exertion in fatiguing illness: civilians with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]<ref name="Cook, 2003">{{Citation | last1 = Cook | first1 = DB | author-link = Dane Cook | last2 = Nagelkirk | first2 = PR | author-link2 = | last3 = Peckerman | first3 = A | author-link3 = | last4 = Poluri | first4 = A | author-link4 = | last5 = Lamanca | first5 = JJ | author-link5 = | last6 = Natelson | first6 = BH | author-link6 = Benjamin Natelson | title = Perceived exertion in fatiguing illness: civilians with chronic fatigue syndrome | journal = Med Sci Sports Exerc.|volume = 35 | issue = 4| page=563-8 | date = 2003 | pmid=12673137|doi=10.1249/01.MSS.0000058360.61448.6C}}</ref> - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12673137 (Abstract)]
*2004, [[Muscle]] metabolism with blood flow restriction in [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McCully|first=Kevin K.|last2=Smith|first2=Sinclair|last3=Rajaei|first3=Sheeva|last4=Leigh|first4=John S.|last5=Natelson|first5=Benjamin H.|author-link5=Benjamin Natelson|date=Mar 2004|title=Muscle metabolism with blood flow restriction in chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2680353/|journal=Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985)|volume=96|issue=3|pages=871–878|doi=10.1152/japplphysiol.00141.2003|issn=8750-7587|pmc=|pmid=14578362|via=}}</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2680353/ (Full Text)]
*2004, Cognitive Function Index for Patients with [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]<ref>Michael Brimacombe, [[Gudrun Lange]], Kim Bisuchio, Donald S. Ciccone & Benjamin Natelson. (2004). Cognitive Function Index for Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. ''Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome'', Vol. 12, Iss. 4, pp. 3-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v12n04_02</ref> - [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J092v12n04_02 (Abstract)]
*2005, Objective evidence of cognitive complaints in [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]: a BOLD fMRI study of verbal working memory<ref name="Cook, 2005" />  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15907308 (Abstract)]
*2004, [[Muscle]] metabolism with blood flow restriction in [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]<ref>{{Cite journal | last = McCully | first = Kevin K. | last2 = Smith | first2 = Sinclair | last3 = Rajaei | first3 = Sheeva | last4 = Leigh | first4 = John S. | last5 = Natelson | first5 = Benjamin H. | author-link5 = Benjamin Natelson | date = Mar 2004 | title = Muscle metabolism with blood flow restriction in chronic fatigue syndrome | url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2680353/ | journal = Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985) | volume = 96 | issue = 3 | pages = 871–878|doi=10.1152/japplphysiol.00141.2003|issn=8750-7587|pmc=|pmid=14578362|via=}}</ref> - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2680353/ (Full Text)]
*2006, The influence of aerobic fitness and [[fibromyalgia]] on cardiorespiratory and perceptual responses to exercise in patients with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cook|first=Dane B.|author-link=Dane Cook|last2=Nagelkirk|first2=Paul R.|last3=Poluri|first3=Ashok|last4=Mores|first4=John|last5=Natelson|first5=Benjamin H.|author-link5=Benjamin Natelson|date=Oct 2006|title=The influence of aerobic fitness and fibromyalgia on cardiorespiratory and perceptual responses to exercise in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/art.22124|journal=Arthritis & Rheumatism|language=en|volume=54|issue=10|pages=3351–3362|doi=10.1002/art.22124|issn=0004-3591|via=}}</ref> [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/art.22124 (Full Text)]  
*2005, Objective evidence of cognitive complaints in [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]: a BOLD fMRI study of verbal working memory<ref name="Cook, 2005" /> - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15907308 (Abstract)]
*2007, Hypocapnia is a biological marker for [[orthostatic intolerance]] in some patients with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Natelson|first=Benjamin H|author-link=Benjamin Natelson|last2=Intriligator|first2=Roxann|last3=Cherniack|first3=Neil S|last4=Chandler|first4=Helena K|last5=Stewart|first5=Julian M|author-link5=Julian Stewart|date=2007|title=Hypocapnia is a biological marker for orthostatic intolerance in some patients with chronic fatigue syndrome|url=http://dynamic-med.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1476-5918-6-2|journal=Dynamic Medicine|language=En|volume=6|issue=1|pages=2|doi=10.1186/1476-5918-6-2|issn=1476-5918|pmc=|pmid=17263876|via=}}</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1796865/ (Full Text)]
*2006, The influence of aerobic fitness and [[fibromyalgia]] on cardiorespiratory and perceptual responses to exercise in patients with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Cook | first = Dane B. | author-link = Dane Cook | last2 = Nagelkirk | first2 = Paul R. | last3 = Poluri | first3 = Ashok | last4 = Mores | first4 = John | last5 = Natelson | first5 = Benjamin H. | author-link5 = Benjamin Natelson | date = Oct 2006 | title = The influence of aerobic fitness and fibromyalgia on cardiorespiratory and perceptual responses to exercise in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome | url =http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/art.22124 | journal = Arthritis & Rheumatism|language=en | volume = 54 | issue = 10 | pages = 3351–3362|doi=10.1002/art.22124|issn=0004-3591|via=}}</ref> - [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/art.22124 (Full Text)]  
*2010, [[Sleep dysfunction|Sleep]] is not disrupted by [[exercise]] in patients with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]s<ref name="Togo, 2010" /> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2796587/ (Full Article)]
*2007, Hypocapnia is a biological marker for [[orthostatic intolerance]] in some patients with chronic fatigue syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Natelson | first = Benjamin H |  author-link = Benjamin Natelson | last2 = Intriligator | first2 = Roxann | last3 = Cherniack | first3 = Neil S | last4 = Chandler | first4 = Helena K | last5 = Stewart | first5 = Julian M | author-link5 = Julian Stewart | date = 2007 | title = Hypocapnia is a biological marker for orthostatic intolerance in some patients with chronic fatigue syndrome | url =http://dynamic-med.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1476-5918-6-2 | journal = Dynamic Medicine|language=en | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | pages = 2|doi=10.1186/1476-5918-6-2|issn=1476-5918|pmc=|pmid=17263876|via=}}</ref> - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1796865/ (Full Text)]
*2010, [[Cytokines]] across the night in [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] with and without [[fibromyalgia]]<ref name="Nakamura, 2010" /> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849324/ (Full Article)]
*2010, [[Sleep dysfunction|Sleep]] is not disrupted by [[exercise]] in patients with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]s<ref name="Togo, 2010" /> - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2796587/ (Full Article)]
*2011, Distinct Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomes Differentiate Post-Treatment [[Lyme]] Disease from [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]<ref name="Schutzer, 2011" /> [http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0017287 (Full Article)]
*2010, [[Cytokines]] across the night in [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] with and without [[fibromyalgia]]<ref name="Nakamura, 2010" /> - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849324/ (Full Article)]
*2011, Safety and efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation in fibromyalgia: a phase I/II proof of concept trial<ref name="lange2011">{{Citation| doi = 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01203.x| issn = 1526-4637| volume = 12| issue = 9| pages = 1406–1413| last1 = Lange| first1 = Gudrun| | authorlink1 = Gudrun Lange|last2 = Janal| first2 = Malvin N.| last3 = Maniker| first3 = Allen| last4 = Fitzgibbons| first4 = Jennifer| last5 = Fobler| first5 = Malusha| last6 = Cook| first6 = Dane| authorlink6 = Dane Cook | last7 = Natelson| first7 = Benjamin H.| authorlink7 = Benjamin Natelson |title = Safety and efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation in fibromyalgia: a phase I/II proof of concept trial| journal = Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.)| date = September 2011| pmid = 21812908}}</ref>
*2011, Distinct Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomes Differentiate Post-Treatment [[Lyme]] Disease from [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]<ref name="Schutzer, 2011" /> - [http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0017287 (Full Article)]
*2012, Increased ventricular lactate in [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]. III. Relationships to cortical glutathione and clinical symptoms implicate oxidative stress in disorder pathophysiology<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shungu|first=Dikoma C.|author-link=Dikoma Shungu|last2=Weiduschat|first2=Nora|last3=Murrough|first3=James W.|last4=Mao|first4=Xiangling|last5=Pillemer|first5=Sarah|last6=Dyke|first6=Jonathan P.|last7=Medow|first7=Marvin S.|author-link7=Marvin Medow|last8=Natelson|first8=Benjamin H.|author-link8=Benjamin Natelson|last9=Stewart|first9=Julian M.|author-link9=Julian Stewart|date=27 Jan 2012|title=Increased ventricular lactate in chronic fatigue syndrome. III. Relationships to cortical glutathione and clinical symptoms implicate oxidative stress in disorder pathophysiology|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/nbm.2772|journal=NMR in Biomedicine|language=en|volume=25|issue=9|pages=1073–1087|doi=10.1002/nbm.2772|issn=0952-3480|pmc=|pmid=22281935|via=}}</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3896084/ (Full Text)]
*2011, Safety and efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation in fibromyalgia: a phase I/II proof of concept trial<ref name="lange2011">{{Citation| doi = 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01203.x| issn = 1526-4637| volume = 12 | issue = 9| pages = 1406–1413| last1 = Lange | first1 = Gudrun | author-link1 = Gudrun Lange | last2 = Janal | first2 = Malvin N. | last3 = Maniker | first3 = Allen | last4 = Fitzgibbons | first4 = Jennifer | last5 = Fobler | first5 = Malusha | last6 = Cook | first6 = Dane| author-link6 = Dane Cook | last7 = Natelson | first7 = Benjamin H. | author-link8 = Benjamin Natelson | title = Safety and efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation in fibromyalgia: a phase I/II proof of concept trial| journal = Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.)| date = Sep 2011 | pmid = 21812908}}</ref>
*2013, Is [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] the same illness as [[fibromyalgia]]: evaluating the ‘single syndrome’ hypothesis<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Abbi|first=B.|last2=Natelson|first2=B. H.|author-link2=Benjamin Natelson|date=1 Jan 2013|title=Is chronic fatigue syndrome the same illness as fibromyalgia: evaluating the ‘single syndrome’ hypothesis|url=https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/article/106/1/3/1532072|journal=QJM: An International Journal of Medicine|language=en|volume=106|issue=1|pages=3–9|doi=10.1093/qjmed/hcs156|issn=1460-2725|pmc=|pmid=22927538|via=}}</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3527744/ (Full Text)]
*2012, Increased ventricular lactate in [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]. III. Relationships to cortical glutathione and clinical symptoms implicate oxidative stress in disorder pathophysiology<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Shungu | first = Dikoma C. | author-link = Dikoma Shungu | last2 = Weiduschat | first2 = Nora | last3 = Murrough | first3 = James W. | last4 = Mao | first4 = Xiangling | last5 = Pillemer | first5 = Sarah | last6 = Dyke | first6 = Jonathan P. | last7 = Medow | first7 = Marvin S. | author-link7 = Marvin Medow | last8 = Natelson | first8 = Benjamin H. | author-link8 = Benjamin Natelson | last9 = Stewart | first9 = Julian M. |  author-link9 = Julian Stewart | date = Jan 27, 2012 | title = Increased ventricular lactate in chronic fatigue syndrome. III. Relationships to cortical glutathione and clinical symptoms implicate oxidative stress in disorder pathophysiology | url = http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/nbm.2772 | journal = NMR in Biomedicine|language=en | volume = 25 | issue = 9 | pages = 1073–1087|doi=10.1002/nbm.2772|issn=0952-3480|pmc=|pmid=22281935|via=}}</ref> - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3896084/ (Full Text)]
*2013, Is [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] the same illness as [[fibromyalgia]]: evaluating the ‘single syndrome’ hypothesis<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Abbi | first = B. | last2 = Natelson | first2 = B.H. | author-link2 = Benjamin Natelson | date = Jan 1, 2013 | title = Is chronic fatigue syndrome the same illness as fibromyalgia: evaluating the ‘single syndrome’ hypothesis |url =https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/article/106/1/3/1532072 | journal = QJM: An International Journal of Medicine|language=en | volume = 106 | issue = 1 | pages = 3–9|doi=10.1093/qjmed/hcs156|issn=1460-2725|pmc=|pmid=22927538|via=}}</ref> - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3527744/ (Full Text)]
*2013, Attention network test: assessment of cognitive function in [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]<ref>Togo, F., [[Gudrun Lange|G. Lange]], B.H. Natelson, and K.S. Quigley. Attention network test: assessment of cognitive function in chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Neuropsychology, 2013 Sep 24. doi: 10.1111/jnp.12030.</ref>
*2013, Attention network test: assessment of cognitive function in [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]<ref>Togo, F., [[Gudrun Lange|G. Lange]], B.H. Natelson, and K.S. Quigley. Attention network test: assessment of cognitive function in chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Neuropsychology, 2013 Sep 24. doi: 10.1111/jnp.12030.</ref>
*2013, [[Exercise]] and [[Sleep dysfunction|sleep deprivation]] do not change [[cytokine]] expression levels in patients with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]<ref name="Nakamura, 2013" /> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3837776/ (Full Article)]
*2013, [[Exercise]] and [[Sleep dysfunction|sleep deprivation]] do not change [[cytokine]] expression levels in patients with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]<ref name="Nakamura, 2013" /> - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3837776/ (Full Article)]
*2015, Effect of Milnacipran Treatment on Ventricular Lactate in [[Fibromyalgia]]: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Natelson|first=B.H.|author-link=Benjamin Natelson|last2=Vu|first2=D.|last3=Mao|first3=X.|last4=Weiduschat|first4=N.|last5=Togo|first5=F.|last6=Lange|first6=G.|author-link6=Gudrun Lange|last7=Blate|first7=M.|last8=Kang|first8=G.|last9=Coplan|first9=J.D.||last10=Shungu|first10=D.C.|date=2015|title=Effect of milnacipran treatment on ventricular lactate in fibromyalgia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial|url=http://www.painandfatigue.com/support/2015_natelson_milnacipran_trial.pdf|journal=Journal of Pain|volume=16|issue=11|pages=1211-1219|doi=10.1016/j.jpain.2015.08.004}}</ref>[http://www.painandfatigue.com/support/2015_natelson_milnacipran_trial.pdf (Full Text)]
*2015, Effect of Milnacipran Treatment on Ventricular Lactate in [[Fibromyalgia]]: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Natelson | first = B.H. | author-link = Benjamin Natelson | last2 = Vu | first2 = D. | last3 = Mao | first3 = X. | last4 = Weiduschat | first4 = N. | last5 = Togo | first5 = F. | last6 = Lange | first6 = G. | author-link6 = Gudrun Lange | last7 = Blate | first7 = M. | last8 = Kang | first8 = G. | last9 = Coplan | first9 = J.D. | last10 = Shungu | first10 = D.C. | date = 2015 | title = Effect of milnacipran treatment on ventricular lactate in fibromyalgia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | url = http://www.painandfatigue.com/support/2015_natelson_milnacipran_trial.pdf | journal=Journal of Pain | volume = 16 | issue = 11 | pages = 1211-1219|doi=10.1016/j.jpain.2015.08.004}}</ref>[http://www.painandfatigue.com/support/2015_natelson_milnacipran_trial.pdf (Full Text)]
*2015, [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]] and [[fibromyalgia]] in diagnosed [[Sleep dysfunction|sleep disorders]]: a further test of the 'unitary' hypothesis.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pejovic|first=Slobodanka|last2=Natelson|first2=Benjamin H|author-link2=Benjamin Natelson|last3=Basta|first3=Maria|last4=Fernandez-Mendoza|first4=Julio|last5=Mahr|first5=Fauzia|last6=Vgontzas|first6=Alexandros N|date=12 Apr 2015|title=Chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia in diagnosed sleep disorders: a further test of the ‘unitary’ hypothesis|url=http://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-015-0308-2|journal=BMC Neurology|language=En|volume=15|issue=1|pages=|doi=10.1186/s12883-015-0308-2|issn=1471-2377|pmc=|pmid=25884538|via=}}</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405866/ (Full Text)]
*2015, [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]] and [[fibromyalgia]] in diagnosed [[Sleep dysfunction|sleep disorders]]: a further test of the 'unitary' hypothesis.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Pejovic | first = Slobodanka | last2 = Natelson | first2 = Benjamin H | author-link2 = Benjamin Natelson | last3 = Basta | first3 = Maria | last4 = Fernandez-Mendoza | first4 = Julio | last5 = Mahr | first5 = Fauzia | last6 = Vgontzas | first6 = Alexandros N | date = Apr 12, 2015 | title = Chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia in diagnosed sleep disorders: a further test of the ‘unitary’ hypothesis |url =http://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-015-0308-2 | journal = BMC Neurology|language=en | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages = |doi=10.1186/s12883-015-0308-2|issn=1471-2377|pmc=|pmid=25884538|via=}}</ref> - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405866/ (Full Text)]
*2017, Multi-Site Clinical Assessment of [[Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]/[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] (MCAM): Design and Implementation of a Prospective/Retrospective Rolling Cohort Study<ref name="Unger, 2017" /> [https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/185/8/617/3073694 (Full Text)]  
*2017, Multi-Site Clinical Assessment of [[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]/[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] (MCAM): Design and Implementation of a Prospective/Retrospective Rolling Cohort Study<ref name="Unger, 2017" /> - [https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/185/8/617/3073694 (Full Text)]  
*2017, Elevations of ventricular lactate levels occur in both [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] and [[fibromyalgia]]<ref name="Natelson,Vu 2017" /> [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21641846.2017.1280114?journalCode=rftg20 (Abstract)]
*2017, Elevations of ventricular lactate levels occur in both [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] and [[fibromyalgia]]<ref name="Natelson,Vu 2017" /> - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5754037/ (Full text)]
*2017, Multimodal and simultaneous assessments of [[brain]] and spinal fluid abnormalities in [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] and the effects of psychiatric comorbidity<ref name="Natelson, 2017" /> [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/237f/2e4cd4618a59ba76943c8441c01de7866f7c.pdf (Full Text)]
*2017, Multimodal and simultaneous assessments of [[brain]] and spinal fluid abnormalities in [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] and the effects of psychiatric comorbidity<ref name="Natelson, 2017" /> - [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/237f/2e4cd4618a59ba76943c8441c01de7866f7c.pdf (Full Text)]
*2018, [[Balance problems|Balance deficits]] in [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] with and without [[fibromyalgia]]<ref name="Serrador, 2018" /> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29562557 (Abstract)]
*2018, [[Balance problems|Balance deficits]] in [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] with and without [[fibromyalgia]]<ref name="Serrador, 2018" /> - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29562557 (Abstract)]
*2019, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia: Definitions, Similarities, and Differences<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Natelson|first=Benjamin H.|author-link=Benjamin Natelson|author-link2=|author-link3=|author-link4=|author-link5=|date=Feb 2019|title=Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia: Definitions, Similarities, and Differences|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0149291819300037|journal=Clinical Therapeutics|language=en|volume=|issue=|pages=|doi=10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.12.016|quote=|via=}}</ref>
*2019, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia: Definitions, Similarities, and Differences<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Natelson | first = Benjamin H. | author-link = Benjamin Natelson | date = Feb 2019 | title = Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia: Definitions, Similarities, and Differences |url =https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0149291819300037 | journal = Clinical Therapeutics|language=en | volume = | issue = | pages = |doi=10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.12.016|quote=|via=}}</ref>
*2019, The effect of comorbid medical and psychiatric diagnoses on chronic fatigue syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Natelson | first = Benjamin H. | author-link = Benjamin Natelson | last2 = Lin | first2 = Jin-Mann S. | author-link2 = Jin-Mann Sally Lin | last3 = Lange | first3 = Gudrun | author-link3 = Gudrun Lange | last4 = Khan | first4 = Sarah |  author-link4 = Sarah Khan | last5 = Stegner | first5 = Aaron | author-link5 = Aaron Stegner | date = Nov 2019 | title = The effect of comorbid medical and psychiatric diagnoses on chronic fatigue syndrome | url =https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07853890.2019.1683601?journalCode=iann20 | journal = Annals of Medicine |language=en | volume =  | issue =  | pages = |doi=10.1080/07853890.2019.1683601|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31642345 (Abstract)]


==Interviews & talks==
==Interviews & talks==
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==References==
==References==
<references>
<references>
<ref name="Cook, 2003">{{Citation
 
| last1   = Cook             | first1 = DB             | authorlink1 = Dane Cook  
<ref name="Cook, 2005">{{Citation | last1 = Cook | first1 = DB | author-link1 = Dane Cook | last2 = Nagelkirk | first2 = PR | author-link2 = | last3 = Peckerman | first3 = A | author-link3 = | last4 = Poluri | first4 = A | author-link4 = | last5 = Mores | first5 = J | author-link5 = | last6 = Natelson | first6 = BH | author-link6 = Benjamin Natelson | title = Exercise and cognitive performance in chronic fatigue syndrome | journal =Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise | volume = 37 | issue = 9 | pages = 1460-7 | date = 2005 | pmid = 16177595 | doi = }}</ref>
| last2   = Nagelkirk         | first2 = PR             | authorlink2 =  
<ref name="Cukor, 2000">{{Citation | last1 = Cukor | first1 = Daniel | author-link1 = | last2 = Sky | first2 = Lana Tier | author-link2 = | last3 = Natelson | first3 = Benjamin H. | author-link3 = Benjamin Natelson | title = Psychiatric Comorbidity and Somatic Distress in Sudden and Gradual Onset Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | journal = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | volume = 7 | issue = 4 | pages = 33-44 | date = 2000 | pmid = | doi = 10.1300/J092v07n04_04 | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240741776_Psychiatric_Comorbidity_and_Somatic_Distress_in_Sudden_and_Gradual_Onset_Chronic_Fatigue_Syndrome }}</ref>
| last3   = Peckerman         | first3 = A               | authorlink3 =  
<ref name="Nakamura, 2010">{{Citation | last1 = Nakamura | first1 = T | author-link1 = | last2 = Schwander | first2 = S | author-link2 = | last3 = Donnelly | first3 = R | author-link3 = | last4 = Ortega | first4 = F | author-link4 = | last5 = Togo | first5 = F | author-link5 = | last6 = Broderick | first6 = G | author-link6 = Gordon Broderick | last7 = Yamamoto | first7 = Y | author-link7 = | last8 = Cherniack | first8 = NS | author-link8 = | last9 = Rapoport | first9 = D | author-link9 = | last10= Natelson | first10 = BH | author-link10 = Benjamin Natelson | title = Cytokines across the Night in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome with and without Fibromyalgia | journal =Clinical and Vaccine Immunology | volume = 17 | issue = 4 | pages = 582–587 | date = 2010 | pmid = | doi = 10.1128/CVI.00379-09 }}</ref>
| last4   = Poluri           | first4 = A               | authorlink4 =
<ref name="Nakamura, 2013">{{Citation | last1 = Nakamura | first1 = T | author-link1 = | last2 = Schwander | first2 = S | author-link2 = | last3 = Donnelly | first3 = R | author-link3 = | last4 = Cook | first4 = DB | author-link4 = Dane Cook | last5 = Ortega | first5 = F | author-link5 = | last6 = Togo | first6 = F | author-link6 = | last7 = Yamamoto | first7 = Y | author-link7 = | last8 = Cherniack | first8 = NS | author-link8 = | last9 = Klapholz | first9 = M | author-link9 = | last10= Rapoport | first10 = D | author-link10 = | last11= Natelson | first11 = BH | author-link11 = Benjamin Natelson | title = Exercise and sleep deprivation do not change cytokine expression levels in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome | journal = Clinical and Vaccine Immunology | volume = 20 | issue = 11 | pages = 1736-1742 | date = 2013 | pmid = | doi = 10.1128/CVI.00527-13 }}</ref>
| last5   = Lamanca          | first5 = JJ              | authorlink5 =  
<ref name="Natelson, 2017">{{Citation | last1 = Natelson | first1 = Benjamin | author-link1 = Benjamin Natelson | last2 = Mao | first2 = Xiangling | author-link2 = | last3 = Stegner | first3 = Aaron J | author-link3 = | last4 = Lange | first4 = Gudrun | author-link4 = Gudrun Lange | last5 = Vu | first5 = Diana | author-link5 = | last6 = Blate | first6 = Michelle | author-link6 = | last7 = Kang | first7 = Guoxin | author-link7 = | last8 = Soto | first8 = Eli | author-link8 = | last9 = Kapusuz | first9 = Tolga | author-link9 = | last10= Shungu | first10 = Dikoma C | author-link10 = Dikoma Shungu | title = Multimodal and simultaneous assessments of brain and spinal fluid abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome and the effects of psychiatric comorbidity | journal = Journal of the Neurological Sciences | volume = 375 | issue = | page = 411-416 | date = 2017 | pmid = | doi = 10.1016/j.jns.2017.02.046 }}</ref>
| last6   = Natelson         | first6 = BH             | authorlink6 = Benjamin Natelson  
<ref name="Natelson,Vu 2017">{{Citation | last1 = Natelson | first1 = Benjamin | author-link1 = Benjamin Natelson | last2 = Vu | first2 = Diana | author-link2 = | last3 = Coplan | first3 = Jeremy D. | author-link3 = | last4 = Mao | first4 = Xiangling | author-link4 = | last5 = Blate | first5 = Michelle | author-link5 = | last6 = Kang | first6 = Guoxin | author-link6 = | last7 = Soto | first7 = Eli | author-link8 = | title = Elevations of ventricular lactate levels occur in both chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia | journal =Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 15-20 | date = 2017 | pmid = 29308330 | last8 = Tolga Kapusuz | first8 = Tolga | author-link8 = | last9 = Shungu | first9 = Dikoma | author-link9 = Dikoma Shungu | pmc = 5754037 | doi = 10.1080/21641846.2017.1280114 }}</ref>
| title   = Perceived exertion in fatiguing illness: civilians with chronic fatigue syndrome
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<ref name="Serrador, 2018">{{Citation | last1 = Serrador | first1 = Jorge M. | author-link1 = | last2 = Quigley | first2 = Karen | author-link2 = | last3 = Zhao | first3 = Caixiab | author-link3 = | last4 = Findley | first4 = Thomas | author-link4 = | last5 = Natelson | first5 = Benjamin H. | author-link5 = Benjamin Natelson | title = Balance deficits in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome with and without fibromyalgia | journal =NeuroRehabilitation | volume = 42 |  issue = 2 | pages = 235-246 | date = 2018 | doi = 10.3233/NRE-172245 }}</ref>
| date   = 2003
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<ref name="Cook, 2005">{{Citation
| last1   = Cook              | first1 = DB              | authorlink1 = Dane Cook
| last2   = Nagelkirk        | first2 = PR              | authorlink2 =  
| last3   = Peckerman        | first3 = A              | authorlink3 =  
| last4  = Poluri            | first4 = A              | authorlink4 =  
| last5  = Mores            | first5 = J              | authorlink5 =  
| last6  = Natelson          | first6 = BH              | authorlink6 = Benjamin Natelson
| title  = Exercise and cognitive performance in chronic fatigue syndrome
| journal = Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise  | volume = 37  | issue = 9  | page = 1460-7
| date    = 2005
| pmid    = 16177595
| doi    =  
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Cukor, 2000">{{Citation
| last1  = Cukor            | first1 = Daniel              | authorlink1 =  
| last2  = Sky              | first2 = Lana Tier          | authorlink2 =  
| last3  = Natelson        | first3 = Benjamin H.        | authorlink3 = Benjamin Natelson
| title  = Psychiatric Comorbidity and Somatic Distress in Sudden and Gradual Onset Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
| journal = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome  | volume = 7 | issue = 4 | page = 33-44
| date    = 2000
| pmid    =  
| doi    = 10.1300/J092v07n04_04
| url    = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240741776_Psychiatric_Comorbidity_and_Somatic_Distress_in_Sudden_and_Gradual_Onset_Chronic_Fatigue_Syndrome
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Nakamura, 2010">{{Citation
| last1  = Nakamura        | first1 = T            | authorlink1 =  
| last2  = Schwander        | first2 = S            | authorlink2 =  
| last3  = Donnelly        | first3 = R            | authorlink3 =  
| last4  = Ortega          | first4 = F            | authorlink4 =  
| last5  = Togo            | first5 = F            | authorlink5 =  
| last6  = Broderick        | first6 = G            | authorlink6 = Gordon Broderick
| last7  = Yamamoto        | first7 = Y            | authorlink7 =  
| last8  = Cherniack        | first8 = NS            | authorlink8 =  
| last9  = Rapoport        | first9 = D            | authorlink9 =
| last10  = Natelson        | first10 = BH          | authorlink10 = Benjamin Natelson
| title  = Cytokines across the Night in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome with and without Fibromyalgia
| journal = Clinical and Vaccine Immunology  | volume = 17  | issue = 4  | page = 582–587
| date    = 2010
| pmid    =  
| doi    = 10.1128/CVI.00379-09
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Nakamura, 2013">{{Citation
| last1  = Nakamura        | first1 = T            | authorlink1 =  
| last2  = Schwander        | first2 = S            | authorlink2 =  
| last3  = Donnelly        | first3 = R            | authorlink3 =  
| last4  = Cook            | first4 = DB            | authorlink4 = Dane Cook
| last5  = Ortega          | first5 = F            | authorlink5 =  
| last6  = Togo            | first6 = F            | authorlink6 =  
| last7  = Yamamoto        | first7 = Y            | authorlink7 =  
| last8  = Cherniack        | first8 = NS            | authorlink8 =  
| last9  = Klapholz        | first9 = M            | authorlink9 =  
| last10  = Rapoport        | first10 = D            | authorlink10 =
| last11  = Natelson        | first11 = BH          | authorlink11 = Benjamin Natelson
| title  = Exercise and sleep deprivation do not change cytokine expression levels in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
| journal = Clinical and Vaccine Immunology    | volume = 20  | issue = 11    | page = 1736-1742
| date    = 2013
| pmid    =  
| doi    = 10.1128/CVI.00527-13
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Natelson, 2017">{{Citation
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| last2  = Mao            | first2 = Xiangling          | authorlink2 =  
| last3  = Stegner        | first3 = Aaron J            | authorlink3 =  
| last4  = Lange          | first4 = Gudrun            | authorlink4 = Gudrun Lange
| last5  = Vu             | first5 = Diana              | authorlink5 =  
| last6  = Blate          | first6 = Michelle          | authorlink6 =  
| last7  = Kang            | first7 = Guoxin            | authorlink7 =  
| last8  = Soto            | first8 = Eli                | authorlink8 =  
| last9  = Kapusuz        | first9 = Tolga              | authorlink9 =  
| last10  = Shungu          | first10 = Dikoma C          | authorlink10 =  
| title  = Multimodal and simultaneous assessments of brain and spinal fluid abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome and the effects of psychiatric comorbidity
| journal = Journal of the Neurological Sciences    | volume = 375  | issue =   | page = 411-416
| date   = 2017
| pmid   =  
| doi    = 10.1016/j.jns.2017.02.046
}}
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| last2   = Vu              | first2 = Diana              | authorlink2 =  
| last3   = Coplan          | first3 = Jeremy D.          | authorlink3 =  
| last4   = Mao              | first4 = Xiangling          | authorlink4 =  
| last5   = Blate            | first5 = Michelle          | authorlink5 =  
| last6   = Kang            | first6 = Guoxin            | authorlink6 =  
| last7   = Soto            | first7 = Eli                | authorlink7 =  
| title  = Elevations of ventricular lactate levels occur in both chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia
| journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior    | volume =   | issue =   | page =  
| date    = 2017
| pmid    =  
| doi    = 10.1080/21641846.2017.1280114
}}
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| last2  = Angel          | first2 = Thomas E.          | authorlink2 =  
| last3  = Liu            | first3 = Tao                | authorlink3 =  
| last4  = Schepmoes      | first4 = Athena A.          | authorlink4 =  
| last5  = Clauss          | first5 = Therese R.         | authorlink5 =
| last6  = Adkins          | first6 = Joshua N.           | authorlink6 =  
| last7  = Camp            | first7 = David G.            | authorlink7 =  
| last8  = Holland        | first8 = Bart K.            | authorlink8 =  
| last9  = Bergquist      | first9 = Jonas              | authorlink9 = Jonas Bergquist
| last10  = Coyle          | first10 = Patricia K.       | authorlink10 =  
| last11  = Smith          | first11 = Richard D.        | authorlink11 =  
| last12 = Fallon          | first12 = Brian A.          | authorlink12 =  
| last13  = Natelson        | first13 = Benjamin          | authorlink13 = Benjamin Natelson
| title  = Distinct Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomes Differentiate Post-Treatment Lyme Disease from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
| journal = PLOS ONE    | volume = 6  | issue = 2  | page =  
| date    = 2011
| doi    = 10.1371/journal.pone.0017287
}}
</ref>
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| last3  = Zhao                | first3 = Caixiab                | authorlink3 =  
| last4  = Findley            | first4 = Thomas                | authorlink4 =  
| last5  = Natelson            | first5 = Benjamin H.            | authorlink5 = Benjamin Natelson
| title  = Balance deficits in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome with and without fibromyalgia
| journal = NeuroRehabilitation    | volume = 42  | issue = 2  | page = 235-246
| date    = 2018
| doi    = 10.3233/NRE-172245
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Togo, 2010">{{Citation
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| last2  = Natelson            | first2 = BH              | authorlink2 = Benjamin Natelson
| last3  = Cherniack            | first3 = NS              | authorlink3 =  
| last4  = Rapoport            | first4 = DM              | authorlink4 =  
| last5  = Klapholz            | first5 = M              | authorlink5 =  
| last6  = Cook                | first6 = DB              | authorlink6 = Dane Cook
| title  = Sleep is not disrupted by exercise in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
| journal = Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise  | volume = 42  | issue = 1  | page = 16-22
| date    = 2010
| pmid    = 20010134
| doi    = 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181b11bc7
}}
</ref>
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| last2  = Lin          | first2 = Jin-Mann S.     | authorlink2 = Jin-Mann Lin
| last3  = Tian        | first3 = Hao            | authorlink3 =  
| last4  = Natelson    | first4 = Benjamin H      | authorlink4 = Benjamin Natelson
| last5  = Lange        | first5 = Gudrun          | authorlink5 = Gudrun Lange
| last6  = Vu          | first6 = Diana          | authorlink6 =  
| last7  = Blate        | first7 = Michelle        | authorlink7 =  
| last8  = Klimas      | first8 = Nancy G.        | authorlink8 = Nancy Klimas 
| last9  = Balbin      | first9 = Elizabeth G.    | authorlink9 = 
| last10  = Bateman      | first10 = Lucinda        | authorlink10 = Lucinda Bateman
| last11  = Allen        | first11 = Ali            | authorlink11 = 
| last12  = Lapp        | first12 = Charles W.    | authorlink12 = Charles Lapp
| last13  = Springs      | first13 = Wendy          | authorlink13 = 
| last14  = Kogelnik    | first14 = Andreas M.    | authorlink14 = Andreas Kogelnik
| last15  = Phan        | first15 = Catrina C.    | authorlink15 = 
| last16  = Danver      | first16 = Joan          | authorlink16 = 
| last17  = Podell      | first17 = Richard N.    | authorlink17 = Richard Podell
| last18  = Fitzpatrick  | first18 = Trisha        | authorlink18 = 
| last19  = Peterson    | first19 = Daniel L.      | authorlink19 = Daniel Peterson
| last20  = Gottschalk  | first20 = C. Gunnar      | authorlink20 = Gunnar Gottschalk
| last21  = Rajeevan    | first21 = Mangalathu S.  | authorlink21 = Mangalathu Rajeevan
| last22  = MCAM Study Group   
| title  = Multi-Site Clinical Assessment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (MCAM): Design and Implementation of a Prospective/Retrospective Rolling Cohort Study.
| journal = American Journal of Epidemiology    | volume = 1-10  | issue =    | page =  
| date    = 2017
| pmid   =  
| doi     = 10.1093/aje/kwx029
}}
</ref>
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</references>
[[Category:Researchers]]
[[Category:Researchers]]

Latest revision as of 19:54, July 29, 2023

Source: Pain and Fatigue Study Center

Dr. Benjamin Natelson, is a neurologist with post-doctoral training in Behavioral Medicine. He is head of the Pain and Fatigue Study Center in New York City which specializes in treating and researching ME/CFS|myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), fibromyalgia (FM), and severe pain and fatigue illnesses. He is, also, an Emeritus Professor of Neurology and Neurosciences at Rutgers and Professor of Neurology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai.[1]


Awards[edit | edit source]

  • 2009, Rudy Perpich Senior Lectureship Award, presented to a distinguished CFS/FM scientist, physician or healthcare worker awarded by IACFS/ME[2]

Education[edit | edit source]

  • Medical degree: University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia
  • Neurology Residence: The Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the Bronx
  • Post-doctoral training in Behavioral Medicine: Cornell University's New York Hospital and the Walter Reed Institute of Research (formerly) in Washington, DC

Committees[edit | edit source]

Board of Directors IACFSME[edit | edit source]

Medscape Continuing Medicine Education[edit | edit source]

IOM Committee on Diagnostic Criteria for ME/CFS[edit | edit source]

  • 2015, Dr. Natelson was one of the experts on the "Committee on the Diagnostic Criteria for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome" that was convened for the 2015 Institute of Medicine report.[5]

ME/CFS Common Data Element (CDE) Project[edit | edit source]

Notable studies[edit | edit source]

A more complete list of Dr. Natelson's ME/CFS and FM research studies can be found at The Pain and Fatigue Study Center's Scientific Publications Link.

Interviews & talks[edit | edit source]

Clinical location[edit | edit source]

Pain and Fatigue Study Center
Phillips Ambulatory Care Center, Suite 4K
Beth Israel Medical Center
10 Union Square East
New York, NY 10003-3314
212-844-6665

Online presence[edit | edit source]

Books[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "Pain and Fatigue Study Center - Welcome". Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  2. ↑ "IACFS/ME Awardees". IACFS/ME. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  3. ↑ http://iacfsme.org/Organization/Committees-of-the-IACFS-ME.aspx
  4. ↑ Corbin, Lisa; Komaroff, Anthony L.; Natelson Peter C. Rowe, Benjamin H.; Rowe, Peter. "A Case-Based Approach to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". Medscape. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
  5. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK284904/
  6. ↑ "Complete Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome CDE Roster". NIH. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
  7. ↑ Marc H. Lavietes, Michael T. Bergen, and Benjamin H. Natelson. (1998). Measurement of CO2 in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients. Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Vol. 4, Iss. 3, pp. 3-11 . http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v04n03_02
  8. ↑ Christodoulou, C., DeLuca, J., Lange, G., Johnson, S., Sisto, S. A., Korn, L., & Natelson, B. (1998). Relation between neuropsychological impairment and functional disability in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 64(4), 431–434.
  9. ↑ Kevin K. McCully and Benjamin H. Natelson. (1999). Impaired oxygen delivery to muscle in chronic fatigue syndrome. Clinical Science (London). 1999 Nov;97(5):603-8. PMID: 10545311
  10. ↑ Cukor, Daniel; Sky, Lana Tier; Natelson, Benjamin H. (2000), "Psychiatric Comorbidity and Somatic Distress in Sudden and Gradual Onset Chronic Fatigue Syndrome", Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, 7 (4): 33–44, doi:10.1300/J092v07n04_04
  11. ↑ Johnson, Susan K.; Lange, Gudrun; Tiersky, Lana; Deluca, John; Natelson, Benjamin H. (2001). "Health-Related Personality Variables in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Multiple Sclerosis". Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. 8 (3–4): 41-52. doi:10.1300/J092v08n03_05.
  12. ↑ Hanson, S.J.; Gause, W.; Natelson, B. (May 1, 2001). "Detection of Immunologically Significant Factors for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Using Neural-Network Classifiers". Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology. 8 (3): 658–662. doi:10.1128/CDLI.8.3.658-662.2001. ISSN 1556-6811. PMID 11329477.
  13. ↑ Natelson, BH (May 2001). "Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". JAMA. 285 (20): 2557–2559. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  14. ↑ Cook, DB; Nagelkirk, PR; Peckerman, A; Poluri, A; Lamanca, JJ; Natelson, BH (2003), "Perceived exertion in fatiguing illness: civilians with chronic fatigue syndrome", Med Sci Sports Exerc., 35 (4): 563-8, doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000058360.61448.6C, PMID 12673137
  15. ↑ Michael Brimacombe, Gudrun Lange, Kim Bisuchio, Donald S. Ciccone & Benjamin Natelson. (2004). Cognitive Function Index for Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Vol. 12, Iss. 4, pp. 3-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v12n04_02
  16. ↑ McCully, Kevin K.; Smith, Sinclair; Rajaei, Sheeva; Leigh, John S.; Natelson, Benjamin H. (March 2004). "Muscle metabolism with blood flow restriction in chronic fatigue syndrome". Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985). 96 (3): 871–878. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00141.2003. ISSN 8750-7587. PMID 14578362.
  17. ↑ Cook, DB; Nagelkirk, PR; Peckerman, A; Poluri, A; Mores, J; Natelson, BH (2005), "Exercise and cognitive performance in chronic fatigue syndrome", Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37 (9): 1460–7, PMID 16177595
  18. ↑ Cook, Dane B.; Nagelkirk, Paul R.; Poluri, Ashok; Mores, John; Natelson, Benjamin H. (October 2006). "The influence of aerobic fitness and fibromyalgia on cardiorespiratory and perceptual responses to exercise in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome". Arthritis & Rheumatism. 54 (10): 3351–3362. doi:10.1002/art.22124. ISSN 0004-3591.
  19. ↑ Natelson, Benjamin H; Intriligator, Roxann; Cherniack, Neil S; Chandler, Helena K; Stewart, Julian M (2007). "Hypocapnia is a biological marker for orthostatic intolerance in some patients with chronic fatigue syndrome". Dynamic Medicine. 6 (1): 2. doi:10.1186/1476-5918-6-2. ISSN 1476-5918. PMID 17263876.
  20. ↑ Togo, F; Natelson, BH; Cherniack, NS; Rapoport, DM; Klapholz, M; Cook, DB (2010), "Sleep is not disrupted by exercise in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome", Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 42 (1): 16-22, doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181b11bc7, PMID 20010134
  21. ↑ Nakamura, T; Schwander, S; Donnelly, R; Ortega, F; Togo, F; Broderick, G; Yamamoto, Y; Cherniack, NS; Rapoport, D; Natelson, BH (2010), "Cytokines across the Night in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome with and without Fibromyalgia", Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 17 (4): 582–587, doi:10.1128/CVI.00379-09
  22. ↑ Schutzer, Steven E; Angel, Thomas E.; Liu, Tao; Schepmoes, Athena A.; Clauss, Therese R.; Adkins, Joshua N.; Camp, David G.; Holland, Bart K.; Bergquist, Jonas; Coyle, Patricia K.; Smith, Richard D.; Fallon, Brian A.; Natelson, Benjamin (2011), "Distinct Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomes Differentiate Post-Treatment Lyme Disease from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome", PLOS ONE, 6 (2), doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017287
  23. ↑ Lange, Gudrun; Janal, Malvin N.; Maniker, Allen; Fitzgibbons, Jennifer; Fobler, Malusha; Cook, Dane; Natelson, Benjamin H. (September 2011), "Safety and efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation in fibromyalgia: a phase I/II proof of concept trial", Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.), 12 (9): 1406–1413, doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01203.x, ISSN 1526-4637, PMID 21812908
  24. ↑ Shungu, Dikoma C.; Weiduschat, Nora; Murrough, James W.; Mao, Xiangling; Pillemer, Sarah; Dyke, Jonathan P.; Medow, Marvin S.; Natelson, Benjamin H.; Stewart, Julian M. (January 27, 2012). "Increased ventricular lactate in chronic fatigue syndrome. III. Relationships to cortical glutathione and clinical symptoms implicate oxidative stress in disorder pathophysiology". NMR in Biomedicine. 25 (9): 1073–1087. doi:10.1002/nbm.2772. ISSN 0952-3480. PMID 22281935.
  25. ↑ Abbi, B.; Natelson, B.H. (January 1, 2013). "Is chronic fatigue syndrome the same illness as fibromyalgia: evaluating the 'single syndrome' hypothesis". QJM: An International Journal of Medicine. 106 (1): 3–9. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcs156. ISSN 1460-2725. PMID 22927538.
  26. ↑ Togo, F., G. Lange, B.H. Natelson, and K.S. Quigley. Attention network test: assessment of cognitive function in chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Neuropsychology, 2013 Sep 24. doi: 10.1111/jnp.12030.
  27. ↑ Nakamura, T; Schwander, S; Donnelly, R; Cook, DB; Ortega, F; Togo, F; Yamamoto, Y; Cherniack, NS; Klapholz, M; Rapoport, D; Natelson, BH (2013), "Exercise and sleep deprivation do not change cytokine expression levels in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome", Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 20 (11): 1736–1742, doi:10.1128/CVI.00527-13
  28. ↑ Natelson, B.H.; Vu, D.; Mao, X.; Weiduschat, N.; Togo, F.; Lange, G.; Blate, M.; Kang, G.; Coplan, J.D.; Shungu, D.C. (2015). "Effect of milnacipran treatment on ventricular lactate in fibromyalgia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial" (PDF). Journal of Pain. 16 (11): 1211–1219. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.08.004.
  29. ↑ Pejovic, Slobodanka; Natelson, Benjamin H; Basta, Maria; Fernandez-Mendoza, Julio; Mahr, Fauzia; Vgontzas, Alexandros N (April 12, 2015). "Chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia in diagnosed sleep disorders: a further test of the 'unitary' hypothesis". BMC Neurology. 15 (1). doi:10.1186/s12883-015-0308-2. ISSN 1471-2377. PMID 25884538.
  30. ↑ Unger, Elizabeth R.; Lin, Jin-Mann S.; Tian, Hao; Natelson, Benjamin H; Lange, Gudrun; Vu, Diana; Blate, Michelle; Klimas, Nancy G.; Balbin, Elizabeth G.; Bateman, Lucinda; Allen, Ali; Lapp, Charles W.; Springs, Wendy; Kogelnik, Andreas M.; Phan, Catrina C.; Danver, Joan; Podell, Richard N.; Fitzpatrick, Trisha; Peterson, Daniel L.; Gottschalk, C. Gunnar; Rajeevan, Mangalathu S.; MCAM Study Group (2017), "Multi-Site Clinical Assessment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (MCAM): Design and Implementation of a Prospective/Retrospective Rolling Cohort Study.", American Journal of Epidemiology, 185 (8): 617–626, doi:10.1093/aje/kwx029, PMC 5565838, PMID 28338983
  31. ↑ Natelson, Benjamin; Vu, Diana; Coplan, Jeremy D.; Mao, Xiangling; Blate, Michelle; Kang, Guoxin; Soto, Eli; Tolga Kapusuz, Tolga; Shungu, Dikoma (2017), "Elevations of ventricular lactate levels occur in both chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia", Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior, 5 (1): 15–20, doi:10.1080/21641846.2017.1280114, PMC 5754037, PMID 29308330
  32. ↑ Natelson, Benjamin; Mao, Xiangling; Stegner, Aaron J; Lange, Gudrun; Vu, Diana; Blate, Michelle; Kang, Guoxin; Soto, Eli; Kapusuz, Tolga; Shungu, Dikoma C (2017), "Multimodal and simultaneous assessments of brain and spinal fluid abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome and the effects of psychiatric comorbidity", Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 375: 411-416, doi:10.1016/j.jns.2017.02.046
  33. ↑ Serrador, Jorge M.; Quigley, Karen; Zhao, Caixiab; Findley, Thomas; Natelson, Benjamin H. (2018), "Balance deficits in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome with and without fibromyalgia", NeuroRehabilitation, 42 (2): 235–246, doi:10.3233/NRE-172245
  34. ↑ Natelson, Benjamin H. (February 2019). "Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia: Definitions, Similarities, and Differences". Clinical Therapeutics. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.12.016.
  35. ↑ Natelson, Benjamin H.; Lin, Jin-Mann S.; Lange, Gudrun; Khan, Sarah; Stegner, Aaron (November 2019). "The effect of comorbid medical and psychiatric diagnoses on chronic fatigue syndrome". Annals of Medicine. doi:10.1080/07853890.2019.1683601.

National Academy of Medicine (NAM) - An American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice to governmental agencies on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health. Formerly known as the Institute of Medicine (IOM).

myalgic encephalomyelitis (M.E.) - A disease often marked by neurological symptoms, but fatigue is sometimes a symptom as well. Some diagnostic criteria distinguish it from chronic fatigue syndrome, while other diagnostic criteria consider it to be a synonym for chronic fatigue syndrome. A defining characteristic of ME is post-exertional malaise (PEM), or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which is a notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small exertions. PEM can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain (myalgia), trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. An estimated 25% of those suffering from ME are housebound or bedbound. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ME as a neurological disease.

cognition Thought processes, including attention, reasoning, and memory.

central nervous system (CNS) - One of the two parts of the human nervous system, the other part being the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that travel from the central nervous system into the various organs and tissues of the body.

somatic An adjective relating to the physical body or physical symptoms. It is often contrasted with the adjective "psychological", which refers to the human mind or mental symptoms. In biology, "somatic cells" refer to all the cells of the body, except those which form an egg or sperm.

cognition Thought processes, including attention, reasoning, and memory.

phase one A drug trial involving only a small group of humans, often healthy volunteers, to assess drug safety and side effects. Typically 20-80 participants, often using a comparison group.

National Institutes of Health (NIH) - A set of biomedical research institutes operated by the U.S. government, under the auspices of the Department of Health and Human Services.

cytokine any class of immunoregulatory proteins secreted by cells, especially immune cells. Cytokines are small proteins important in cell signaling that modulate the immune system. (Learn more: me-pedia.org)

cytokine any class of immunoregulatory proteins secreted by cells, especially immune cells. Cytokines are small proteins important in cell signaling that modulate the immune system. (Learn more: me-pedia.org)

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