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[[File:Australia_flag.svg.png|320px|right|thumb|'''Australia''']] There are an estimated 92,000 to 598,000 people in '''Australia''' with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] (CFS), [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] (ME), or [[CFS/ME]] ([[ME/CFS]]) based on prevalence ranges of 0.4-2.4%,<ref name="ICC2011criteria" /> depending on which definition of the condition is used. Using the [[International Consensus Criteria]] (ICC) for [[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|ME]] (0.4-1%) and Australian Bureau of Statistics population figures, there are between 100,000 and 250,000 Australians with ME. Australian patients use the terms chronic fatigue syndrome, ME/CFS, ME, or [[Autoimmune hypothesis|immune dysfunction illness]] depending on the criteria they meet. The Australian [[Chronic fatigue syndrome|CFS]] guidelines state it is a '[[fatigue]] spectrum' rather than a distinct disease.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://nhmrc.gov.au/myalgic-encephalomyelitis-and-chronic-fatigue-syndrome | title = Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome {{!}} NHMRC | website = nhmrc.gov.au|language=en | access-date = 2019-03-02}}</ref> ==Medical guidelines== The 2002 Australian CFS guidelines are widely criticized<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://sacfs.asn.au/about/guidelines/letter_mar_7.htm | title = ME/CFS Australia (SA) Inc: Letter to eMJA (March 7, 2002) | website = sacfs.asn.au | access-date = 2018-12-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.ahmf.org/guidelines.html | title = Alison Hunter Memorial Foundation: Supporting Biomedical Research Into Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/ Chronic Fatigue Sydnrome ME/CFS - Guidelines | website = ahmf.org | access-date = 2018-12-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = https://meaustralia.net/2018/11/30/difference-between-australian-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-guidelines-and-me/ | title = Difference between Australian chronic fatigue syndrome guidelines and ME | date = 2018-11-30 | website = ME Australia|language=en | access-date = 2018-12-05}}</ref> and there are vast differences between Australian CFS guidelines and the [[International Consensus Criteria|ICC]] of ME. The 2002 Australian guidelines were written by the [[National Health and Medical Research Council]] (NHRMC) fellowship recipient Prof [[Andrew Lloyd]], who sits on the review committees for [[NHMRC]] grant applications.<ref name="#MEACTION20160120ahd" /> The NHMRC website lists resources for clinicians, including the, [[Canadian Consensus Criteria]] (CCC) and [[Institute of Medicine report]]'s [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease|SEID]] criteria , but also including recommendations for [[exercise]], [[cognitive behavioral therapy]] (CBT) and [[Antidepressant|antidepressants]].<ref>{{Cite news |url =https://meaustralia.net/2018/09/26/australian-government-committee-on-me-and-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/ | title = Australian committee on ME and chronic fatigue syndrome nearly finished report | date = 2018-09-26|work=ME Australia | access-date = 2018-10-02|language=en-US}}</ref> A government-appointed advisory committee is in the process of recommending whether new clinical guidelines should be developed to replace the outdated Australian guidelines.<ref>{{Cite news |url =https://meaustralia.net/2018/04/23/australian-governments-me-and-cfs-advisory-committee/ | title = Australian government’s ME and CFS advisory committee | date = 2018-04-23|work=ME Australia | access-date = 2018-10-02|language=en-US}}</ref> Their draft report came out in December 2018. Some Australians are lobbying for the ICC to be adopted<ref>{{Cite news |url =https://www.meaction.net/2016/03/14/aust-ask-the-medical-research-council-to-fund-studies/ | title = Australia: Ask the medical research council to fund studies - #MEAction | date = 2016-03-14|work=#MEAction | access-date = 2018-10-02|language=en-US}}</ref>. Some suggested letter templates have been offered for use [http://www.meaction.net/2016/03/10/australia-write-your-own-letter-to-a-politician/ here] and [http://www.meaction.net/2016/03/14/aust-ask-the-medical-research-council-to-fund-studies/ here]. ===Patient groups=== The ICC is listed by all organizations, except Western Australia's ME/CFS/Lyme Association, which lists the [[Canadian Consensus Criteria|CCC]].<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.mycause.com.au/charity/18043/mecfsandlymeassociationofwa | title = Donate to ME/CFS and Lyme Association of WA | website = Mycause|language=en | access-date = 2019-03-02}}</ref> One of the NSW websites lists the ICC, [[ME/CFS: A Primer For Clinical Practitioners | IACFS/ME Clinical]], the [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J092v13n02_01 2006 Paediatric Criteria]<ref name="JasonL2006paed" />, and the [[South Australian ME/CFS Guidelines]]<ref name="SthAustGuidelines" /> but is not clear on which one it endorses.{{Citation needed}} Some state organizations, [[National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases]] (NCNED) and some patients are lobbying<ref name="#MEACTION20160314amrc" /> for the 2002 RACP Australian guidelines<ref name="RACP2002" /> to be replaced with the ICC.{{Citation needed}} ===Australian medical associations=== *The [[Royal Australasian College of Physicians]] (RACP) published guidelines in 2002, in the Australian Medical Journal.<ref name="RACP2002" /> *The [[Royal Australasian College of General Practitioners]] (RACGP) published a guideline in 2015 which recommends [[graded exercise therapy]] (GET).<ref name="RACGP2015guide" /> Their magazine ''Australian Family Practitioner'' (AFP) has published articles about ME/CFS,<ref name="AFPlist" /> including a 2013 article that recommends GET and CBT.<ref name="AFP201304" /> *The Australian Medical Association (AMA) website recommends GET.<ref name="AMA20040503" /> ===National health department=== * [http://health.gov.au Australian Government Department of Health]<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://health.gov.au/ | title = Chronic fatigue syndrome | last = | first = | author-link = | date = | website = Health Direct| publisher = Australian Government Department of Health| archive-url = | archive-date = |url-status = | access-date=}}</ref> * [http://www.healthdirect.gov.au/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-cfs Direct information page on CFS from Department of Health] ===National Health and Medical Research Council=== The [http://nhmrc.gov.au NHMRC] funds health and medical research, and develops health advice & guidelines. It is part of the [[Australian Government Department of Health]]. In 2018 the NHMRC appointed an ME and CFS advisory committee<ref>{{Cite news |url =https://meaustralia.net/2018/04/23/australian-governments-me-and-cfs-advisory-committee/ | title = Australian government’s ME and CFS advisory committee | date = 2018-04-23|work=ME Australia | access-date = 2018-10-02|language=en-US}}</ref>, including Andrew Lloyd, [[Suzanne Broadbent,]] [[Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik]], and [[Kathy Rowe]]. The committee is advising the government on current research, gaps in research and whether the 2002 clinical guidelines for doctors should be revised.The NHMRC did not put out a call for applications for positions on the advisory committee, unlike the [[United States|US]] [[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services|Department of Health and Human Services]] (HHS) does for it’s former [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]] (CFSAC). Nor did it follow the UK example and hold [https://www.nice.org.uk/news/article/nice-announces-next-steps-in-updating-its-guideline-on-me-cfs workshops with stakeholders] before recruiting a guideline committee. ==== Draft report ==== Feb 18, 2019, [https://consultations.nhmrc.gov.au/public_consultations/mecfs-2019a Consultation on the Myalgic encephalomyelitis and Chronic fatigue syndrome Advisory Committee Report to the NHMRC Chief Executive Officer]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web | url = https://consultations.nhmrc.gov.au/public_consultations/mecfs-2019a | title = Consultation on the Myalgic encephalomyelitis and Chronic fatigue syndrome Advisory Committee Report to the NHMRC Chief Executive Officer {{!}} NHMRC Public Consultations | last = | first = | author-link = | date = Feb 18, 2019 | website = consultations.nhmrc.gov.au|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status= | access-date = 2019-03-02}}</ref><blockquote>The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Myalgic encephalomyelitis and Chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) Advisory Committee (the Committee) is releasing the draft ''ME/CFS Advisory Committee Report to the NHMRC Chief Executive Officer ''(the draft Report)'' ''for public consultation. The Committee invites the Australian community to provide comments on its draft Report (Attachment A) before finalising and providing it to NHMRC’s CEO. The Committee’s report to the CEO will help to inform decisions about what NHMRC can do given its dual role in supporting health and medical research and developing evidence based health advice for the Australian community.<ref name=":0" /></blockquote> ===State and territory health departments=== * Victoria - [https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-cfs Better Health - Chronic Fatigue Syndrome] - information for the public * ACT * NSW * South Australia * Northern Territory * Queensland * Tasmania * Western Australia ==Health insurance== ===Government health insurance=== The Australian government subsidises most medical appointments, some hospital services, and some medications. *[https://www.humanservices.gov.au/customer/dhs/medicare Medicare] *[https://www.humanservices.gov.au/customer/services/medicare/medicare-safety-net Medicare Safety Net] *[http://www.pbs.gov.au/info/about-the-pbs Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme] ===Private health insurance=== ==Social security and disability benefits== *A [https://www.humanservices.gov.au/customer/services/centrelink/disability-support-pension Disability Support Pension] is available through Centrelink for people meeting strict criteria of dysfunction. *[https://www.ndis.gov.au/index.html National Disability Insurance Scheme] ==Access to care== ((How many hospitals & doctors, which diagnose and treat ME (estimate):)) ((Rehabilitation offers for ME sufferers: )) ==Patient groups== *[[ME/CFS Australia Ltd]] (population 25.7 million) *[[Emerge Australia]] (formerly ME/CFS Victoria, Tasmania & Northern Territory) which has 3 paid staff (population 6.5 million) *[http://www.mecfscanberra.org.au ACT ME/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Society] which has one paid staff member (population 0.4 million) *[http://sacfs.asn.au ME/CFS Australia (SA) Inc] *[http://www.mecfsfmq.org.au/home/ ME/CFS/FM Support Association, Queensland] *[http://www.mecfswa.org.au ME/CFS and Lyme Society of WA] *[http://www.mecfsnsw.org.au/ The ME/CFS & FM Association, NSW] *[https://www.hfme.org/ Hummingbirds' Foundation for ME] established by [[Jodi Bassett]] *[https://meaustralia.net/ ME Australia] a collective network across Australia *[[Change for ME Australia]], an online collective ==Research== === Australian criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome === *1990, [[Prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome in an Australian population]]<ref name="Australiancriteria">{{Cite journal | last = Lloyd | first = Andrew R. | author-link = Andrew Lloyd | last2 = Hickie | first2 = Ian | author-link2 = Ian Hickie | last3 = Boughton | first3 = Clement R. | author-link3 = Clement Boughton | last4 = Spencer | first4 = Owen | author-link4 = Owen Spencer | last5 = Wakefield | first5 = Denis | author-link5 = Denis Wakefield | date = Nov 5, 1990 | title = Prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome in an Australian population | url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2233474 | journal = [[The Medical Journal of Australia]] | volume = 153 | issue = 9 | pages = 522–528|issn=0025-729X|pmid=2233474|quote=|via=}}</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2233474 (Abstract)] :The diagnostic criteria developed by Lloyd et al. (1990) are colloquially known as the ''Australian criteria'' for [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] due to the fact they were developed and published in Australia; the Australian criteria are widely recognized as extremely broad criteria, and risk incorrectly diagnosing a person with chronic fatigue syndrome in comparison to most other criteria. ===Notable studies=== *2016, [https://www.dovepress.com/articles.php?article_id=26236 Natural killer cells and single nucleotide polymorphisms of specific ion channels and receptor genes in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome]<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.dovepress.com/natural-killer-cells-and-single-nucleotide-polymorphisms-of-specific-i-peer-reviewed-article-TACG | title = Natural killer cells and single nucleotide polymorphisms of specific ion channels and receptor genes in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome | last = Staines | first = Donald | last2 = Smith | first2 = Pete | date = 2016-03-31 | website = The Application of Clinical Genetics|language=English | access-date = 2019-03-02 | last3 = Johnston | first3 = Samantha | last4 = Chacko | first4 = Anu | last5 = Huth | first5 = Teilah | last6 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first6 = Sonya}}</ref> *2016, [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-32240-7_11 Three Approaches to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada: Lessons for Democratic Policy]<ref>{{Cite book | last = Ankeny | first = Rachel A. | last2 = Mackenzie | first2 = Fiona J. | date = 2016 | editor-last = Dodds|editor-first = Susan|editor2-last = Ankeny|editor2-first = Rachel A. | title = Three Approaches to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada: Lessons for Democratic Policy | url = https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32240-7_11|series=The International Library of Ethics, Law and Technology|language=en|location=Cham| publisher = Springer International Publishing | pages = 227–243|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-32240-7_11|isbn=9783319322407}}</ref> ===Research results=== * 2015: [http://www.meaction.net/2015/08/19/australian-research-into-mecfs-in-adolescents/ Australian Research into ME/CFS in Adolescents]<ref name="#MEACTION20150819arma" /> * 2016: [http://www.meaction.net/2016/03/03/news-report-breakthrough-on-diagnostic-blood-test/ Australian Breakthrough on Diagnostic Blood Test]<ref name="#MEACTION20160303test" /> *2018: [https://meaustralia.net/2018/08/06/how-much-can-people-with-me-stand/ How much can people with ME stand?]<ref>{{Cite news |url =https://meaustralia.net/2018/08/06/how-much-can-people-with-me-stand/ | title = How much can people with ME stand? | date = 2018-08-06|work=ME Australia | access-date = 2018-10-02|language=en-US}}</ref> ===Research funding=== * 2015: [http://www.meaction.net/2015/11/16/aust-senator-questions-government-on-lack-of-action-on-me/ Australian Senator Questions Government on Lack of Action on ME]<ref name="#MEACTION20151116asqg" /> * 2016: [http://www.meaction.net/2016/01/20/australian-health-dept-answers-questions-on-me/ The Australian Health Department Answers Questions on ME]<ref name="#MEACTION20160120ahd" /> * 2016: [http://www.meaction.net/2016/02/12/australian-health-department-pins-its-hopes-on-nih-research/ Australian Health Dept Pins its Hopes on NIH Research]<ref name="#MEACTION20160212ahd" /> * 2017: [https://meaustralia.net/2018/06/15/australias-medical-research-council-questioned-on-me-and-cfs-committee/ Australia's Health Minister refuses to stop funding trial of 'incredibly bad' treatment]<ref>{{Cite news |url =https://meaustralia.net/2018/06/15/australias-medical-research-council-questioned-on-me-and-cfs-committee/ | title = Australia’s medical research council questioned on ME and CFS committee | date = 2018-06-15|work=ME Australia | access-date = 2018-10-02|language=en-US}}</ref> *2018: [https://meaustralia.net/2018/08/07/friends-in-australias-parliament-for-people-with-me-and-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/ Friends in Australia's Parliament for people with ME and chronic fatigue syndrome]<ref>{{Cite news |url =https://meaustralia.net/2018/08/07/friends-in-australias-parliament-for-people-with-me-and-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/ | title = Friends in Australia’s parliament for people with ME and chronic fatigue syndrome | date = 2018-08-07|work=ME Australia | access-date = 2018-10-02|language=en-US}}</ref> *2018: [https://meaustralia.net/2018/06/15/australias-medical-research-council-questioned-on-me-and-cfs-committee/ Australia's medical research council questioned on ME and CFS committee]<ref>{{Cite news |url =https://meaustralia.net/2018/06/15/australias-medical-research-council-questioned-on-me-and-cfs-committee/ | title = Australia’s medical research council questioned on ME and CFS committee | date = 2018-06-15|work=ME Australia | access-date = 2018-10-02|language=en-US}}</ref> ===Research groups=== *[[National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases]] (NCNED) *[https://meaustralia.net/2018/12/05/new-australian-research-network-holding-scientific-workshop-on-me/ ME/CFS Discovery Research Network] *[https://app.secure.griffith.edu.au/news/2018/11/27/generous-2m-donation-to-bolster-efforts-of-griffith-cfs-researchers/ Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CHIME)] *[https://www.mcri.edu.au Murdoch Childrens Research Institute] *[https://www.vu.edu.au/ Victoria University] *[http://www.bio21.unimelb.edu.au/ Bio21 Institute, Melbourne University] ===Researchers=== *[[Christopher Armstrong]] *[[Dorothy Bruck]] *[[Henry Butt]] *[[Elaine DeFreitas]] *[[Paul R Gooley|Paul Gooley]] *[[Geoffrey Hallmann]] *[[Melinda Jackson]] *[[Donald Lewis]] *[[Brett Lidbury]] *[[Andrew Lloyd]] *[[Neil McGregor]] *[[Michael Maes]] *[[Sarah Knight]] *[[Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik]] *[[Donald Staines]] *[[Amy Wallis]] ==Clinicians== *Biomedical clinicians: [[Donald P Lewis]] (VIC), [[Rashmi Cabena]] (VIC), [[Richard Schloeffel]] (NSW), [[Mark Donohoe]] (NSW) *[[GET]]/[[CBT]] clinicians: [[Michael Oldmeadow]] (VIC), [[Andrew Lloyd]] (NSW) ==Notable patients== *[[Alastair Lynch]] *[[Alem Matthees]] *[https://meaustralia.net/2016/12/01/remembering-alison-hunter-1976-1996/ Alison Hunter], died 1996, aged 19, from complications related to ME/CFS. The [[Alison Hunter Memorial Foundation]] was established in her name in 1998, to raise much needed funding for research into ME/CFS, as well as raising awareness and advocating for the needs of people with ME/CFS. The Alison Hunter Foundation established a partnership with the [[National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases]] (NCNED), at Griffith University (Queensland), in 2014, and has since ceased operating as an independent charity, instead focussing on supporting the research being undertaken at NCNED.<ref name="AHMFwebsite" /> *[[Andrew Bretherton]] *[[James McDonald]] *[[Jodi Bassett]] *[[Johanna Griggs]] *[[Laura Dundovic]] *[[Leigh Hatcher]] *[[Geoffrey Hallmann]] *[[Linley Frame]] *[[Nadine Neumann ]] *[[Matthew Nicholson]] *[[Rhyce Shaw]] *[[Shelley Taylor-Smith]] *[[Simon Del Favero]] ==Learn more== *2016, [https://www.thesaturdaypaper.com.au/2016/08/06/rethinking-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/14704056003560 Rethinking chronic fatigue syndrome] *2018, [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/may/12/to-the-millionsmissing-with-mecfs-something-remarkable-is-happening To the #MillionsMissing, something remarkable is happening] *[https://meaustralia.net/ ME Australia] ==See also== *[[1949-53 Adelaide outbreak]] *[[List of myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome outbreaks]] *[[Scott Ludlam]] *[[Donald Staines]] *[[Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik]] ==References== <references> <ref name="ICC2011criteria">{{citation | last1 = Carruthers | first1 = B M | author-link1 = Bruce Carruthers | last2 = van de Sande | first2 = M I | author-link2 = Marjorie van de Sande | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = Kenny L | author-link3 = Kenny de Meirleir | last4 = Klimas | first4 = Nancy G | author-link4 = Nancy Klimas | last5 = Broderick | first5 = G | author-link5 = Gordon Broderick | last6 = Mitchell | first6 = T | author-link6 = Terry Mitchell | last7 = Staines | first7 = Donald | author-link8 = Donald Staines | last8 = Powles | first8 = ACP | author-link8 = A C Peter Powles | last9 = Speight | first9 = Nigel | author-link9 = Nigel Speight | last10= Vallings | first10 = Rosamund | author-link10 = Rosamund Vallings | last11= Bateman | first11 = Lucinda | author-link11 = Lucinda Bateman | last12= Baumgarten-Austrheim | first12 = B | author-link12 = Barbara Baumgarten-Austrheim | last13= Bell | first13 = David S | author-link13 = David Bell | last14= Carlo-Stella | first14 = N | author-link14 = Nicoletta Carlo-Stella | last15= Chia | first15 = John | author-link15 = John Chia | last16= Darragh | first16 = A | author-link16 = Austin Darragh | last17= Jo | first17 = D | author-link17 = Daehyun Jo | last18= Lewis | first18 = Donald P | author-link18 = Donald Lewis | last19= Light | first19 = Alan R | author-link19 = Alan Light | last20= Marshall-Gradisnik | first20 = Sonya | author-link20 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last21= Mena | first21 = I | author-link21 = Ismael Mena | last22= Mikovits | first22 = J A | author-link22 = Judy Mikovits | last23= Miwa | first23 = K | author-link23 = Kunihisa Miwa | last24 = Murovska | first24 = M | author-link24 = Modra Murovska | last25 = Pall | first25 = M L | author-link25 = Martin Pall | last26= Stevens | first26 = Staci R | author-link26 = Staci Stevens | title = Myalgic encephalomyelitis: International Consensus Criteria | journal = Journal of Internal Medicine | volume = 270 | issue = 4 | pages = 327–338 | date = Aug 22, 2011 | pmid = 21777306 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02428.x | url = http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02428.x/full }}</ref> <ref name="JasonL2006paed">{{citation | last1 = Jason | first1 = Leonard A | author-link1 = Leonard Jason | last2 = Jordan | first2 = Karen | author-link2 = Karen Jordan | last3 = Miike | first3 = Teruhisa | author-link3 = Teruhisa Miike | last4 = Bell | first4 = David S | author-link4 = David Bell | last5 = Lapp | first5 = Charles | author-link5 = Charles Lapp | last6 = Torres-Harding | first6 = Susan | author-link6 = Susan Torres-Harding | last7 = Rowe | first7 = Kathy | author-link8 = Katherine Rowe | last8 = Gurwitt | first8 = Alan | author-link8 = Alan Gurwitt | last9 = De Meirleir | first9 = Kenny | author-link9 = Kenny de Meirleir | last10= Van Hoof | first10 = Elke LS | author-link10 = Elke Van Hoof | title = A Pediatric Case Definition for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | journal = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | volume = 13 | issue = 2-3 | pages = 1-44 | date = 2006 | doi = 10.1300/J092v13n02_01 | url = http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J092v13n02_01 }}</ref> <ref name="#MEACTION20150819arma">{{citation | last1 = #MEAction | author-link1 = #MEAction | last2 = Nimmo | first2 = Sasha | author-link2 = Sasha Nimmo | title = Australian Research into ME/CFS in Adolescents | website = #MEAction | date = Aug 19, 2015 | url = http://www.meaction.net/2015/08/19/australian-research-into-mecfs-in-adolescents/ }}</ref> <ref name="#MEACTION20151116asqg">{{citation | last1 = #MEAction | author-link1 = #MEAction | last2 = Nimmo | first2 = Sasha | author-link2 = Sasha Nimmo | title = Australian Senator Questions Government on Lack of Action on ME | website = #MEAction | date = Nov 16, 2015 | url = http://www.meaction.net/2015/11/16/aust-senator-questions-government-on-lack-of-action-on-me/ }}</ref> <ref name="#MEACTION20160120ahd">{{citation | last1 = #MEAction | author-link1 = #MEAction | last2 = Nimmo | first2 = Sasha | author-link2 = Sasha Nimmo | title = Australian Health Dept Answers Questions on ME | website = #MEAction | date = Jan 20, 2016 | url = http://www.meaction.net/2016/01/20/australian-health-dept-answers-questions-on-me/ }}</ref> <ref name="#MEACTION20160212ahd">{{citation | last1 = #MEAction | author-link1 = #MEAction | last2 = Nimmo | first2 = Sasha | author-link2 = Sasha Nimmo | title = Australian Health Dept Pins its Hopes on NIH Research | website = #MEAction | date = Feb 12, 2016 | url = http://www.meaction.net/2016/02/12/australian-health-department-pins-its-hopes-on-nih-research/ }}</ref> <ref name="#MEACTION20160303test">{{citation | last1 = #MEAction | author-link1 = #MEAction | last2 = Nimmo | first2 = Sasha | author-link2 = Sasha Nimmo | title = Australian Breakthrough on Diagnostic Blood Test | website = #MEAction | date = Mar 3, 2016 | url = http://www.meaction.net/2016/03/03/news-report-breakthrough-on-diagnostic-blood-test/ }}</ref> <ref name="#MEACTION20160314amrc">{{citation | last1 = #MEAction | author-link1 = #MEAction | last2 = Nimmo | first2 = Sasha | author-link2 = Sasha Nimmo | title = Australians: Ask the Medical Research Council to Fund Studies | website = #MEAction | date = Mar 14, 2016 | url = http://www.meaction.net/2016/03/14/aust-ask-the-medical-research-council-to-fund-studies/ }}</ref> <ref name="SthAustGuidelines">{{citation | last1 = South Australian Department of Human Services | last2 = University of Adelaide | last3 = ME/CFS Society of South Australia | title = ME/CFS Guidelines: Management Guidelines for General Practitioners | date = 2004| isbn = 0 7308 9334 0 | url = http://sacfs.asn.au/download/guidelines.pdf }}</ref> <ref name="AHMFwebsite">{{citation | website = Alison Hunter Memorial Foundation | title = Alison Hunter Memorial Foundation | url = http://www.ahmf.org }}</ref> <ref name="RACP2002">{{citation | author1 = Victoria Toulkidis | author2 = Produced by a Working Group convened under the auspices of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians | display-authors = 1 | title = Supplement: Chronic fatigue syndrome | journal = Med J Aust 2002 | volume = 176 | issue = 9 | pages = 17-55 | date = 2002 | url = https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2002/176/9/chronic-fatigue-syndrome }}</ref> <ref name="RACGP2015guide">{{citation | author= Royal Australasian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) | title = Graded exercise therapy: chronic fatigue syndrome | date = Mar 2015 | url = http://www.racgp.org.au/your-practice/guidelines/handi/interventions/other/graded-exercise-therapy-for-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/ }}</ref> <ref name="AFPlist">{{citation | journal = Australian Family Physician | title = articles about Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | url = http://www.racgp.org.au/search/ }}</ref> <ref name="AFP201304">{{citation | author= Megan Arroll, Bruce Arroll | title = Chronic fatigue syndrome: A patient centred approach to management | journal = Australian Family Practitioner | date = Apr 2013 | url = http://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2013/april/chronic-fatigue-syndrome/ }}</ref> <ref name="AMA20040503">{{citation | author= Australian Medical Association | title = Chronic fatigue sufferers beat blues with exercise | date = May 3, 2004 | url = https://ama.com.au/media/chronic-fatigue-sufferers-beat-blues-exercise }}</ref> </references> [[Category:Countries]] [[Category:Oceania]] [[Category:Australia]]
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